一些关于COMMA + -ING的时态问题

不冲到720不打游戏

Over the past ten years cultivated sunflowers have become a major commercial crop, second only to soybeans as a source of vegetable oil.

A. second only to soybeans as a source of vegetable oil
B. second in importance to soybeans only as a source of vegetable oil
C. being second in importance only to soybeans as a source of vegetable oil
D. which, as a source of vegetable oil, is only second to soybeans
E. as a source of vegetable oil only second to soybeans


在复习错题的时候对这道题有了一点延申的思考，C选项很明显可以被排除，而且C选项的being也是多余的，但是这让我对COMMA + -ING的用法有了一点疑问


Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.


对于这句话我的理解是，站在now这个时间点上，fossils是已经被dated过了，其后果对于now这个时间点是making... 满足RON神说的同一时间结构和即时结果


但-ING还可以表示与主句动作同时发生，例如The boy threw a ball across the court, hoping that it would sink miraculously into thebasket. 这里的hope和threw是同时发生的


那么如果COMMA + -ING修饰完成时，且不表示结果，表示的是同时发生的含义的话，-ING的部分也相当于是完成时还是说这种用法是错误的，例如此题的C选项，在不考虑being很多余且有其他错误的情况下，being的动作能否成立


同样还会思考另一个问题，having修饰主句时，是否表示在主句的时间点已完成，例如having修饰主句过去时的话，having引导的部分是不是相当于过去完成时呢

长丝弓

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