求助！有关同位语和独立主格的题目！来自kaplan第五套模考，附OG对比

Seven_977

在kaptest模考遇到的一道题目：

Biologists have encountered a new species of giant squid, one that they believe is a type heretofore unknown to science.

A. that they believe is

B. that they believe it to be

C. they believe it is of

D. they believe that is

E. they believe to be of

该网站给的答案是E，解释是believe to be优于believe is, 加上B中it多余，但我选了A，因为记得同位语中that不可省略

OG有道题：

The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.

• A.
  a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,
• B.
  a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
• C.
  a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings’ burning of fossil fuels,
• D.
  which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,
• E. which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
  

这道题正解是C，说同位语不能省略that

希望有朋友能帮我分析一下！谢谢！

新乌尔姆维纳斯

燃烧那道题，不知道你们是只想讨论同位语修饰的问题还是（楼上都没有提到一个点）想补充一下
语义上这个现象是由人烧燃料这个事件引起的，不能直接说是fuels / human beings引起的，而是应该说burning这个事情更准；

Seven_977

zzzsssfff123 发表于 2019-11-19 13:30
第一题：one是新物种的同位语，that是定语从句修饰one，所以这个不是同位语从句；A在语法上是对的，但E在语 ...

谢谢解答！

zzzsssfff123

第一题：one是新物种的同位语，that是定语从句修饰one，所以这个不是同位语从句；A在语法上是对的，但E在语意上更好，E是个简化，to do不定式在语义上有“不确定”的意思，完整应该是one that （they believe） should（could） be of a type。。。。（they believe是个插入语直接拿掉，PREP语法笔记里面有详细介绍，of也不要纠结，没影响），因为后面未划线部分是unknown to science，所以带有不确定意思的不定式更好。
第二题：一样，most scientists agree是插入语成分上直接拿掉，但语意上表示a phenomenon确实是人造成的，用is更好表确定就是它，A在语法上没啥毛病但to do同理是不确定，没C好，还原就是a phenomenon that most scientists agree could（should） be caused by。。。。

Seven_977

寒寒mathilda 发表于 2019-11-16 10:11
第一题that是定语从句可以省略，错在of
可以说the species they Believe to be of a type,而a species they ...

谢谢！of的解答理解了~但我有个疑问就是第一题one...是做同位语吗 同位语中不是说that不能省略吗（参考1L的OG题）

寒寒mathilda

第一题that是定语从句可以省略，错在of
可以说the species they Believe to be of a type,而a species they Believe is a type 就不对

Seven_977

还有一题！！答案选E，想请问一下A的后半句为什么不能做独立主格呢？

According to the philosophy of nihilism, life is given meaning by neither sacred nor secular principles, the very worth of human institutions regarded with skepticism.
A. neither sacred nor secular principles, the very worth of human institutions regarded with skepticism
B. neither sacred or secular principles, the very worth of human institutions being regarded skeptically
C. no principles, either sacred or secular, because the very worth of human institutions is regarded with skepticism
D. no sacred or secular principles, regarding the very worth of human institutions with skepticism
E. neither sacred nor secular principles, and the very worth of human institutions is regarded with skepticism