请教有关to do 和 that定语从句的问题

BlueBlue29

各位NN，本人一直有点纠结于这个to do 和that 定语从句的用法。一般来说to do是表目的， doer是指主句主语，而that定语从句修饰的是紧挨着的前面的名词。例如说OG18 中718题 中是exectutive cut the debt by doing sth ， 所有用 to cut 而不是修饰plans 的that，这个比较清楚                                                                                                                                                Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubledconglomerate back to health, the chief executive announced plans Wednesday to cut thecompany’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billionin assets over the next 18 months
  
但是有些题目，我好像就不那么确定了， 如OG18 中的668 题 和 OG18 diagnoistc test中的98题, 请问这两题有什么不同，为什么一个是to do, 一个用that,还请各位指点迷津。先谢谢了

                                                                                                668. Especially in the early years, new entrepreneurs mayneed to find resourceful ways, like renting temporaryoffice space or using answering services, that maketheir company seem large and more firmly establishedthan they may actually be.   OA is B, "to make...)
(A)  that make their company seem large
(B)  to make their companies seem larger
(C) thus making their companies seem larger
(D) so that the companies seem larger
(E) of making their company seem large


98. By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, therecording industry associations of North America,Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized wayof distributing songs and full-length recordings on theInternet that will protect copyright holders and foil themany audio pirates who copy and distribute digitalmusic illegally  OA is A, 用的that修饰的是way
(A)  of distributing songs and full-length recordingson the Internet that will protect copyright holdersand foil the many audio pirates who copy anddistribute
(B)  of distributing songs and full-length recordingson the Internet and to protect copyright holdersand foiling the many audio pirates copying anddistributing
(C)  for distributing songs and full-length recordingson the Internet while it protects copyright holdersand foils the many audio pirates who copy anddistribute
(D)  to distribute songs and full-length recordings on the Internet while they will protect copyrightholders and foil the many audio pirates copyingand distributing
(E)  to distribute songs and full-length recordings onthe Internet and it will protect copyright holdersand foiling the many audio pirates who copy anddistribute

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BlueBlue29

zoeklose1 发表于 2018-4-5 17:06
首先668 A最明显的错误是 company 和后面they may actually be不一致，应该是companies。

严格逻辑上来说 ...

感谢耐心解答

zoeklose1

首先668 A最明显的错误是 company 和后面they may actually be不一致，应该是companies。

严格逻辑上来说，用that还是to do可以通过判断是表结果还是被modify的对象的内容。
表结果时，如果用that，that是noun modifier：
Ways/plans that cut the budget. Ways and plans 必须是动作发出者，但是ways and plans是不能cut the budget，只有执行的人才可以，所以应该是是ways/plans to cut the budget。但GMAT是选最佳，正确答案也可以awkward所以还要根据句意判断，比如98题。我会说By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America,Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet to protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally  
（所以我觉得背正确答案没用，因为有些话正常写作是不会这么说的，是为了让答案不好找才故意写的奇怪）

表内容时，that 引导一个clause需要完整的主谓宾，
The CEO announced the plan that the company will cut the budget by 10%.

BlueBlue29

danyuchn 发表于 2018-4-4 22:32
如果沒有and，to會接到最接近的distributing表目的，這時候就有歧義了（原本合理的意思應該是way to...） ...

Thanks a lot~~

danyuchn

BlueBlue29 发表于 2018-4-4 13:01
哦，好的，谢谢。之前没看到那个“and”， 再接着请问一下，如果没有那个“and”， B 会对吗？ ...

如果沒有and，to會接到最接近的distributing表目的，這時候就有歧義了（原本合理的意思應該是way to...）。

BlueBlue29

danyuchn 发表于 2018-4-4 01:31
樓主，這兩題考察的是不同的觀念。建議樓主看選項儘量兩兩一起看，就能看出出題者在考什麼。

Especially i ...

哦，好的，谢谢。之前没看到那个“and”， 再接着请问一下，如果没有那个“and”， B 会对吗？

danyuchn

樓主，這兩題考察的是不同的觀念。建議樓主看選項儘量兩兩一起看，就能看出出題者在考什麼。

Especially in the early years, new entrepreneurs mayneed to find resourceful ways, like renting temporaryoffice space or using answering services, that maketheir company seem large and more firmly establishedthan they may actually be.   
(A)  that make their company seem large
(B)  to make their companies seem larger

這裡考的是way的固定搭配，修飾方法的目的直接用to V表達。

By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, therecording industry associations of North America,Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized wayof distributing songs and full-length recordings on theInternet that will protect copyright holders and foil themany audio pirates who copy and distribute digitalmusic illegally  OA is A, 用的that修饰的是way
(A)  of distributing songs and full-length recordingson the Internet that will protect copyright holdersand foil the many audio pirates who copy anddistribute
(B)  of distributing songs and full-length recordingson the Internet and to protect copyright holdersand foiling the many audio pirates copying anddistributing

這裡考的是「語意上一件事還是相互獨立的兩件事」（因為B選項用的是平行表達）。that可以跳躍修飾way。用B會變成跟hope to的to平行，to protect...語意上就不等於方法的一部分。而是「找方法」跟「保護著作權」兩件事相互獨立。