OG16 SC73 新题 关于who 就近原则的问题

jessicamss

73. Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.

(A) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is

(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be

(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is

(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be

(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is

OA: A

整理时候发现是新题，我翻了一下Manhattan SC的笔记中只在noun modifier 中提到关系代词who，也翻了一下CD的关于who的帖子，可是没有找到结论性一点的解释，想请教一下各位guru啊！

OG中的解释是The main clause of this sentence is Researchers . . . have found that . . .; embedded within this sentence, the present participial phrase studying . . . describes the researchers, the relative clause who pondered . . . describes the volunteers, and the object of the main verb appears as a noun clause that the basis . . . is . . . .

问题就在关系代词who引导的从句。再做的时候我不能确定是不是 the volunteers 的modification。 先把根据语义判断的方法放在旁边（这一题是语义很好判断的吧？）

the brain scans of volunteers 这里我感觉非常tricky啊，因为of 介词连接的modifier，不是of+N 这个成分当做ajd 看吗？ 因为这里是of + N 在who前面所以根据就近原则确定动作的实施者是volunteers？

CD 上是否有关于关系代词就近原则的帖子总结的？如果有的话谢谢大家帮我贴一下地址啊非常感激！

D,E 选项很明显因为 volunteers‘s brain 排除，因为possessive form，使得researchers 是ponder的施动者错误。

dealchan

在gmat中如果没有of结构的，modifier一般都是就近修饰，如果碰上了of结构的就要实际地根据语义来判断到底修饰谁

pansimply

73. Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
(A) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
楼主，这题我会这么分析：
句子主体Researchers () have found that the basis () is emotion, not logic ... .
A 主句成分齐全，先放着
B 没有主句谓语，fragment，错
C and found前面没有平行的动词，即主句没有谓语，fragment，错
D 主句成分齐全，先放着
E 主句成分齐全，先放着


A、D、E看动词studying和pondering。D中显然pondering和studying不是平行的。E也有类似问题，且they的指代不清。所以，只剩下A了。
这题搞清楚ponder这个动作的发出者，就很好做了，其实并非要用到who的就近。从句子的宏观板块来着手，说不定更容易做。

温润的风

谢谢楼主

jessicamss

今天整理到OG16 88题 也就是OG12 的67题看到千行 Ron 关于先行词和代词 的解释真是饱含热泪啊。 问题不是那么难，我却想得复杂化了

as we've seen again and again and again and again, not all ambiguous pronouns are incorrect!

so here's the simplest way of making the decision:

1) if you see an AMBIGUOUS PRONOUN that is SPLIT AGAINST A SPECIFIC NOUN, then eliminate the ambiguous pronoun and keep the specific noun.

for an example, see problem 68 in the blue OG 2nd edition verbal supplement, in which "them" is split against "these companies". in that type of situation, the specific noun is better than the ambiguous pronoun, so go ahead and narrow down to the choices that contain the specific noun.

HOWEVER,

2) if you see an ambiguous pronoun that is NOT split against a specific noun, then DON'T eliminate!

for an example, see problem 21 in the blue OG 2nd ed verbal supplement (in which the correct answer contains a technically ambiguous pronoun).

or see the problem in this thread!

in the problem in this thread, "it" is not split against a specific noun (i.e., there is no split between "it" and "morocco"), so ambiguity is not sufficient grounds for eliminating that pronoun.

in general, OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS are very rarely the antecedents of pronouns.

(i won't say never -- but rarely enough that, if you have to make a random guess, this is probably a pretty good standard by which to make such a guess.)

for instance:

if you have "the cat in the box", then it is very unlikely that a pronoun will be able to stand for "box".

关于代词指代这里补充manhattan在advanced章节提到的preferred rule：

第三点：the pronoun should normally refer to the closest eligible antecedent.Note that there is such an idea too close（这种情况下代词不指代就在它前面的名词. Also, the antecedent may come shortly after the pronoun.