求助大神们 og16 sc第40题，og13也有此题

catherine27629

40. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.
(A) year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output
(B) year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed
(C) year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed
(D) year only if non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output
(E) year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output

c选项的including是否有以output为主语的嫌疑？og解释没有提到，求解。including修饰前面紧挨的n还是说可以越过mission 作用的preposition phrase修饰中心词。 非常感谢！

yxlrei

including呼应前面的中心词output，如果C选项改为如下则正确：

(C*) year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including those of Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed

Hailee

including应当修饰output，因为动名词形式的后置定语是修饰前面主语的中心词
The output of nations, 明显output 是中心词。
这是动名词的特殊情况，而其他形式的定语从句像是that，which都是修饰最近名词

catherine27629

未来你听见了吗 发表于 2015-8-12 19:30
非大神尝试解答下：
根据RON所说，‘comma+including’ modifies the PRECEDING NOUN, 也就是说他与which ...

谢谢亲解释！

未来你听见了吗

catherine27629 发表于 2015-8-4 20:04
谢谢！可是我还是觉得preposition phrase也算modifier的一种，虽然不是-ing modifier，勿拍。。。所以修 ...

非大神尝试解答下：
根据RON所说，‘comma+including’ modifies the PRECEDING NOUN, 也就是说他与which用法类似，修饰先行词，这个句子中的先行词是nations，不会跳跃到output上。
欢迎拍砖~~

catherine27629

yeye523 发表于 2015-7-30 21:36
including没有嫌疑，including不是modifier的一种，只是长得像现在分词而已，其实是介词。。不需纠结它的修 ...

谢谢！可是我还是觉得preposition phrase也算modifier的一种，虽然不是-ing modifier，勿拍。。。所以修饰的是中心词还是可以修饰前面紧挨的preposition phrase中的名词？

yeye523

including没有嫌疑，including不是modifier的一种，只是长得像现在分词而已，其实是介词。。不需纠结它的修饰问题。
Comma+ing的例外情况：including不是adverbial modifier，而是作为介词：
"INCLUDING" is an EXCEPTION to the otherwise robust rules for comma+ing modifiers.

when you see "comma + including", you should think of "including" as a preposition, not as an -ing modifier. therefore, "including X" will become a prepositional phrase that describes the stuff preceding the comma.“

catherine27629

求助大神版主 们

catherine27629

自己顶一下