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6. As air-breathing mammals. Whales must once have lived on land and needed hind limbs capable of supporting the mammals' weight. Whales have the bare remnants of a pelvis. If animals have a pelvis, we expect them to have hind limbs. A newly discovered fossilized whale skeleton has very fragile hind limbs that could not have supported the animal's weight on land. This skeleton had a partial pelvis.
If the statement above are true, which one of the following, if also true, would most strongly support the conclusion that the fragile hind limbs are remnants of limbs that land-dwelling whales once had?
(A) Whale bones older than the fossilized hind limbs confirm that ancient whales had full pelvises.
(B) No skeletons of ancient whales with intact hind limbs capable of supporting the mammals' weight have ever been found.
(C) Scientists are uncertain whether the apparently nonfunctioning limbs of other early mammals derived from once-functioning limbs of their ancestors.
(D) Other large-bodied mammals like seals and sea lions maneuver on beaches and rocky coasts without fully functioning hind limbs.
(E) Some smaller sea-dwelling mammals. Such as modern dolphins. Have no visible indications of hind limbs.
WHY A?
9. The journalistic practice of fabricating remarks after an interview and printing them within quotation marks, as if they were the interviewee's own words, has been decried as a form of unfair.
Misrepresentation. However, people's actual spoken remarks rarely convey their ideas as clearly as does a distillation of those ideas crafted, after an interview, by a skilled writer. Therefore, since this practice avoids the more serious misrepresentation that would occur if people's exact words were quoted but their defensible.
Which one of the following is a questionable technique used in the argument?
(A) answering an exaggerated charge by undermining the personal authority of those who made that charge .
(B) claiming that the prestige of a profession provides ample grounds for dismissing criticisms of that profession.
(C) Offering as an adequate defense of a practice an observation that discredits only one of several possible alternatives to that practice.
(D) concluding that a practice is right on the grounds that it is necessary.
(E) using the opponent's admission that a practice is sometimes appropriate as conclusive proof that that practice is never inappropriate.
WHY C?
12. The number of North American children who are obese-that is who have more body fat than do 85 percent of North American children their age -is steadily increasing, according to four major studies conducted over the past 15 years.
If the finding reported above is correct, it can be properly concluded that
(A) when four major studies all produce similar results .those studies must be accurate.
(B) North American children have been progressively less physically active over the past 15 years.
(C) The number of North American children who are not obese increased over the past 15 years.
(D) Over the past 15 years ,the number of North American children who are underweight has declined.
(E) The incidence of obesity in North American children tends to increase as the children grow older.
WHY C?
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发表于 2005-3-9 12:47:00
