GWD 3-3，没人问过，我问个菜问题

Q3:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

1. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing


2. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing


3. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of


4. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing


5. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

答案是D，我也选对了，但是很疑惑，这里including只能做定语吧，可是离修饰词太远了，难道没有歧义修饰decline或者shark population吗？ 如果没有歧义，那ABC中的which本身也没用错了，只是别的地方错了罢了？不解，请指教！

做伴随状语？伴随哪个动作？我觉得不是啊。MM能不能解释详细一些，我和迷惑。谢谢

which做定语修饰的时候，必须要紧跟修饰对象，就像这题，如果用which，这个which就是修饰population的，逻辑上是错误的。

用-ing分词，前面有逗号，又放在句尾，这个是很典型的伴随，做整句句子的伴随。

定语，

简洁原则