关于语法细节的矛盾之处，求大神搭理

faithjtt · 发表于 2015-1-10 09:54:48

Q1 According to scholars, the earliest writing was probably not a direct rendering of speech, but was more likely to begin as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.

A was more likely to begin as
B more than likely began as
C more than likely beginning from
D. it was more than likely begun from
E. it was more likely that it began

这里答案是B,我选了A，因为PREP 08 P.36的一道补充题目说are...but are也是平行，not 在平行之外

Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of

natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are

simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.(D)

(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are

(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are

(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but

(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are

(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are

Q2. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

A. about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many

B. of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only 4 million, and many

C. that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people, many of them

D. comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only 4 million in population, and many.

E comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom

这道题选.因为That 指l代land area....但是在比较结构中，如果前面是在land area of laos，那我能理解that的指代，因为that 不是应该指代相同结构下of 前面的名词吗？
于是，prep 12

Because of the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, but also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
A. Because of the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, but also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
B. The Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, is also 400 times farther away from Earth, so the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
C. The Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky because the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, and also 400 times farther away from Earth.
D. Four hundred times larger than the Moon and 400 times farther away from Earth, the Sun has the same apparent size in the sky as the Moon's.
E. Four hundred times larger than the Moon and also 400 times farther away from Earth, so the Sun in the sky has the same apparent size as the Moon.
标答是B.我是根据上面类比的。得出D的结果

求解

287151319 · 发表于 2015-1-10 13:06:03

Q1 According to scholars, the earliest writing was probably not a direct rendering of speech, but was more likely to begin as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.

A was more likely to begin as
B more than likely began as
C more than likely beginning from
D. it was more than likely begun from
E. it was more likely that it began

注意到was，began，merged这三个都是谓语需要平行。
A中was ... to beagan与另外两个不平行。此外，more likely后面要有than，比较结构不完整。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of
natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.(D)
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are

选D不选C的原因是C有歧义。C的句子有两种意思：
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.

即 Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not X [the products...selection], modifier of X [favored...survival], but simply Y [random...developments].

Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.

即 Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not X [the products...selection], modifier of X [favored...survival], modifer of modifier of X [but simply...developments].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
因为that 不是应该指代相同结构下of 前面的名词吗？
---错误，that可以指代X of Y结构中的Y或者 X of Y 整体（也就是你说的X）

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Because of the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, but also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
A. Because of the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, but also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
B. The Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, is also 400 times farther away from Earth, so the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
C. The Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky because the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, and also 400 times farther away from Earth.
D. Four hundred times larger than the Moon and 400 times farther away from Earth, the Sun has the same apparent size in the sky as the Moon's.
E. Four hundred times larger than the Moon and also 400 times farther away from Earth, so the Sun in the sky has the same apparent size as the Moon.

为什么选B不选D，我们要弄清这题的逻辑关系：
太阳比月亮大400倍，但太阳距地球的距离是月亮到地球的距离的400倍，所以太阳和月亮看起来一样大。

B很明确的表达了这个意思，但是D：
Four hundred times larger than the Moon and 400 times farther away from Earth 中 400 times farther away from Earth比较对象就消失了，说成Four hundred times larger and 400 times farther away from Earth than the Moon 比较好。B中是用了also后面比较对象明显就可以省略。

此外，D没有标明因果关系，作者想表述的是一种因果关系，使用Noun-modifer没有表示出这种关系。

faithjtt · 发表于 2015-1-10 18:55:19

287151319 发表于 2015-1-10 13:06
Q1 According to scholars, the earliest writing was probably not a direct rendering of speech, but wa ...

感谢大神：）！！

关于语法细节的矛盾之处，求大神搭理

所属分类: 下线版块

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()