[感谢康老师的分享] 阅读苏美文明完整英文版解答

好货，看到赶紧和，不敢独吞
感谢台灣康老师的分享  ：
http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/trenton-kang/

这个大家再不推，就没天良了啦。


科学家惊奇的发现，两种文明可以在同一时间产生。在埃及文化产生时，美索不达米亚文化也同时应运而生。埃及土地肥沃，造成它的独立所致。美索不达米亚两河流域，地理环境特殊，四周沙漠什么的，老被侵略，所以都是一个城邦一个城邦的，美索不达米亚文化不像埃及文化一样，美索不达米亚文化没有留下很多遗产。当初美索不达米亚的居民生活安逸，所以一直没有人提出统一的想法，很久以后才有，可是由于大量的花费在战争上，很快就覆灭了。由于当时的环境条件，那里的人们都用泥土/木头盖房子，所以和埃及不一样，现在没找到什么当初留下的建筑物。但是挖出了许多陶器石板，上面刻着文字，考古学家只能从挖掘出来的文物中研究其历史。后来讲苏美尔人在两河地区建立的文明的特点，特别是他们城邦的宗教神祗制度，影响了他们的经济制度（献纳）。大题目是分类题，比较埃及文明和苏美尔文明 。

Sumerian Civilization

1
It is an astonishing fact that human civilization should have emerged into the light of history in two separate places at just about the same time. Between 3,500 and 3,000 B.C. when Egypt was being united under pharaonic rule, another great civilization arose in Mesopotamia, the “land between the rivers.” And for close to three thousand years, the two rival centers retained their distinct characters, even though they had contact with each other from their earliest beginnings, and their destinies were interwoven in many ways. The pressure that forced the inhabitants of both regions to abandon the pattern of Neolithic village life may well have been the same. But the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, unlike that of the Nile, is not a narrow fertile strip protected by desert on either side. It resembles a wide, shallow trough with few natural defenses, crisscrossed by two great rivers and their tributaries, and is easily encroached upon from any direction. (摘录自新托福真经班讲义)




1.
The word astonishing in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) important
(B) unknown
(C) amazing
(D) interesting


2.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) A great civilization arose in Mesopotamia, the “land between the rivers”

under pharaonic rule.
(B) Egypt and another great civilization both developed in Mesopotamia

between 3500 and 3000 B.C.
(C) A great civilization arose in Mesopotamia between 3500 and 3000 B.C. at

the same time that ancient Egypt was being united.
(D) As Egypt was being united under pharaonic rule, a great civilization arose

there.


3.
The phrase its substance refers to
(A) the political history of ancient Mesopotamia
(B) divine kingship
(C) Egypt
(D) the sudden collapse of military power


4.
The word obscure in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) unclear
(B) unique
(C) controversial
(D) important


5.
The author mentions Nor did they share the Egyptians’ concern with the hereafter, in order to
(A) To provide one explanation for the relatively few physical remains of

ancient Sumerian society.
(B) To explain why ancient Sumerian built with mud brick and wood rather than

with stone.
(C) To help account for the fact that tombs and vaulted chambers have been

found only at Ur.
(D) To counter the claim that all ancient societies paid great attention to the

afterlife.


6.
According to the passage, it can be inferred that the City of Ur is located in
(A) Egypt
(B) Persia
(C) northern Mesopotamia
(D) near the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates


7.
The word vast in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) random
(B) very large
(C) surprising
(D) relatively small


8.
According to paragraph 2 and 3, the physical characteristics of Mesopotamia affected Sumerian civilization in all of the following ways EXCEPT
(A) Foreign invasions were made easy.
(B) Creating and maintaining political stability was made difficult.
(C) Continuity of cultural and artistic traditions could not be achieved.
(D) Sumerian architecture could not produce long-lasting structures.


9.
Look at the four [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

Despite these achievements, scholars know much less about Sumerian life than they would like.

Where would the sentence best fit?




10.
According to paragraph 4, what evidence is used to support the claim that the idea of divine ownership was not “a mere pious fiction”?
(A) The idea of divine ownership originated with the kings of Sumerian

city-state.
(B) The idea of divine ownership was the reason why a large part of the harvest

was offered to the god.
(C) The idea of divine ownership eventually came to replace “theocratic

socialism”.
(D) The idea of divine ownership served as the basis for the economic

organization of Sumerian society.


11.
The word considerable in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) substantial
(B) fixed
(C) valuable
(D) limited


12.
In the above passage, all of the following were true of the local god EXCEPT
(A) The local god owned everything and everyone in the city-state.
(B) The local god represented the subjects of the city-state to other gods.
(C) The local god communicated with the people of the city-state through a

human ruler.
(D) The local god sometimes fought against the local gods of rival city-states.

SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION 答案

1. astonishing = amazing

 

 

2. sentence simplification =

A great civilization arose in Mesopotamia between 3,500 and 3,000 B.C. at the same time that ancient Egypt was being united.
   

 

 

3. its substance refers to -     the political history of ancient Mesopotamia

 

 

4. obscure = unclear

 

 

5. 原文提到the ancient Sumerians did not "share the Egyptian's concern with the afterlife 〞之reason原因=

to provide one explanation for the relatively few physical remains of ancient Sumerian society

 

 

6. the "city of Ur"位置= near the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

 

 

7. vast = very large

 

 

8. EXCEPT問題=   continuity of cultural and artistic traditions could not be achieved.

 

 

9.不是宗教事
   简单的证据=
    

the idea of divine ownership served as the basis for the economic organization of Sumerian society.

 

 

10. considerable= substantial

 

 

11. EXCEPT問題=

The local god sometimes fought against the local gods of rival city-stated.

 

 

12. insertion問題=第
    4个方块

 

 

13. fill in a table問題=

Ancient Egyptian Civilization 

]           政治统一了很久时间
    

]           有相当多建筑物遗址

Sumerian Civilization 

]           城邦国家是一个特色 

]           从文件中所记载
    

]           这一个文明受到外部的侵略