关于with的用法总结 找了好多资料可还是很困惑 真心求助啊！！

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75
carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional
system of roads.
(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were
(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,
(C) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been
(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each
(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been
(A) 划线的 were 作为谓语和划线部分之前的谓语 were 重复，应该去掉或者用连词 and 连接；
(B) 正确，of up to 600 rooms each 作为插入语修饰 structures，connected 分词跳过插入语修饰前
面最邻近的名词 structures.
(C) 将 with 改变成 of 后，介词的修饰对象发生改变；原句 with 结构修饰 built,（为什么不是句子主语？）而 of 结构修饰的是 scale;
将插入语变成句子一部分后，each 同位语修饰的对象也发生改变，变成了修饰最邻近的 rooms 而不
是 structures，rooms 被马路连接不符合题目原意和逻辑表达；each 同位语从句用过去完成时同样没
有必要性.
(D) 按 D 答案给出的句意，with each 和 on a spectacular scale 平行，但 each connected by 改变了
原文的句意，原文没有表达出每一个都被连接的意义
(E) 如果 each 做代词指代主语应该在 each 前面加上连词 and，E 答案中 each 后面是完整句子但没
有连词进行连接；had been 过去完成时没有必要性。


句子，with…… with可能作状语修饰谓语 也可能作定语修饰宾语 ——有没有可能修饰主语? 此时若with跟的是独立主格则只起对句子补充说明用，没有歧义——来源：
Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark the passage of time like the rings in a tree trunk.

(A) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark

(B) see layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, whose different colors mark

(C) been seeing layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, whose different colors are markers of

(D) been able to see layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors marking

(E) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, marking by different colors



A项句子结构：‘句子，with短语’ => with短语作状语修饰谓语动词have seen, 但从句意上来看应该修饰主语layers, 修饰对象错误
D项句子结构：‘句子，with独立主格’ =>
有自己的逻辑主语和逻辑谓语，只起到对句子补充说明的作用，可以与主句是原因、条件、方式、伴随、时间等的关系，且逻辑上该修饰谁就修饰谁，不会有歧义
（这里是修饰主语layers）, 不和主句的任何成分有紧密联系，起个从句的作用也成


谢谢亲们了！！！PS.看到很多亲的总结里有OG179道题等等的 可是OG12 不是只有140道语法么。。弱弱问句是哪里的呢。。3Q！！
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附一些CDer的总结：

elaineyin8191. with介词短语，作状语
1）主语，WITH介词短语，谓语+宾语： with介词短语修饰主语。OG179, OG205
2)
with介词短语，主句：with介词短语修饰主语，注意这里with介词短语的逻辑主语和主句主语保持一致
OG158: With only 5% of the world's population, US citizens consume...
这里With的逻辑主语显然是US citizens，句子意思变成US citizens with only 5% of the world‘s population美国居民有5%的世界人口，所以逻辑上有歧义
3）主语+谓语+宾语，with介词短语：with介词短语修饰宾语。（OG114，the bark crafted a canoe...,with small ribs and rails of cedar)
注意这种形式要谨慎使用，因为很容易引起歧义，即with介词短语可以修饰宾语也可以修饰主语，比如OG212E）
-- 小结：With介词短语作状语，用来修饰主语，放在句末修饰宾语要小心产出歧义。

2. With紧密型独立主格，作状语
形式： with + n.+n.; with+n.+~ed/~ing分词；with+n+形容词短语；with+n+介词短语，一般在句首/句尾做伴随状语
OG19: rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essentical to the human diet
OG104: the diet was largely vegetarian, with meat as a rarity
这两题都是With+N+介短修饰主语作伴随状语
OG113：...seen monkeys sleeping, with arms and legs hanging..., with + n.+ hanging修饰Sleeping，做伴随动作状语
-- 小结：with独立主格，充当伴随状语，一般修饰主句主语或者谓语动词

3. with介词短语，作定语：
With紧跟在名词（中心词）后面，作定语修饰，一般没有逗号隔开，作限制性修饰。
OG141： ...identical twins with the same genetic endownment
OG152: ... kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against...
-- 小结：
如果有逗号隔开，应该优先考虑With介词短语作状语修饰
如果没有逗号隔开，应该优先考虑With介词短语作定语修饰前面临近的名词（中心词）

4. 混淆使用的典型错误： N+with+n+~ing现在分词
OG192D：their language is French with English, Spanish and Italian words having been added to it
OG 102B: a concern performance with the composer staging it
这里没有逗号隔开，优先考虑做定语修饰前面的名词，但是又用了With+n+~ing现在分词的独立主格形式，这个副词形式是用来做状语的。因此错误
-- 小结：无逗号隔开优先考虑With短语作定语，但注意介词短语和副词短语的不同作用

总结：
1）with的出现形式主要是With介词短语和With紧密型独立主格结构。
2）介词短语可以用来作状语修饰主语，也可以作为定语修饰前面的中心词。作状语时，要注意放在句尾可能引起的歧义
3）With独立主格形式作伴随状语，放在句尾或句首，可以修饰主语或主句中的谓语动词（With独立主格中没有真正的谓语）
4）如果有逗号隔开，则优先考虑作状语；如果没有逗号隔开，则有限考虑做限制性定语
5）主语With介词短语和With独立主格形式在做状语和做定语时的混淆错误-- n.+with+n.+~ing现在分词

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关于with用法的总结
今天看了论坛里关于with用法的全部讨论，经过个人汇总分析，重新总结如下：
情各位大牛指教。

情各位大牛指教。





1．With 引导的独立主格结构：with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词、介词短语、不定式、形容词等）其中的名词/代词就是该独立结构的主语。而当with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词）时，with可省略。
这种结构一般表示伴随状态。如She was knitting, with the television on.



这种结构可以在句首，也可以在句尾。用逗号和主句隔开。



这种情况下，是不需要考虑逻辑主语的，with后面的名词或代词就是逻辑主语。



题目包括：OG19



这种结构也出现在那道经典的争议题中：



Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.



A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people



B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many people



C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many people



D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are



E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are








2．With短语紧跟被修饰的名词后面做限制性修饰语：
og141B和D，og102E，og152E，这几个选项都不对，但og200里面的限制性修饰对了。







个人认为tianwan的经典论述很有道理：限制性修饰成分（具有某某属性的东东，隐含的意思是：没有此某某属性的就不是这个东东），非限制性修饰成分（某东东，
此东东有某某属性）。



但好像不能以此为主来判断选项的对错。否则OG200无法解释。







3．With＋n.，句子：这时，要考虑逻辑主语。
Og158，




4．主语，with＋n，谓语＋宾语：这种情况with修饰主语，没有歧义，OG中的两个都是正确的使用。
OG179，OG205




5．主谓宾，with＋n:这里with修饰宾语
OG114




6．主谓宾＋with短语: 此时要注意with修饰可能有歧义，with可能修饰主语或宾语
212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for



several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.



(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving



(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve



(C)
aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving



(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating
costs and improving



(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to
improve



The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufac­turing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.







1. with介词短语，作状语
1）主语，WITH介词短语，谓语+宾语： with介词短语修饰主语。OG179, OG205
2)
with介词短语，主句：with介词短语修饰主语，注意这里with介词短语的逻辑主语和主句主语保持一致
OG158: With only 5% of the world's population, US citizens consume...
这里With的逻辑主语显然是US citizens，句子意思变成US citizens with only 5% of the world‘s population美国居民有5%的世界人口，所以逻辑上有歧义
3）主语+谓语+宾语，with介词短语：with介词短语修饰宾语。（OG114，the bark crafted a canoe...,with small ribs and rails of cedar)
注意这种形式要谨慎使用，因为很容易引起歧义，即with介词短语可以修饰宾语也可以修饰主语，比如OG212E）
-- 小结：With介词短语作状语，用来修饰主语，放在句末修饰宾语要小心产出歧义。

2. With紧密型独立主格，作状语
形式： with + n.+n.; with+n.+~ed/~ing分词；with+n+形容词短语；with+n+介词短语，一般在句首/句尾做伴随状语
OG19: rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essentical to the human diet
OG104: the diet was largely vegetarian, with meat as a rarity
这两题都是With+N+介短修饰主语作伴随状语
OG113：...seen monkeys sleeping, with arms and legs hanging..., with + n.+ hanging修饰Sleeping，做伴随动作状语
-- 小结：with独立主格，充当伴随状语，一般修饰主句主语或者谓语动词

3. with介词短语，作定语：
With紧跟在名词（中心词）后面，作定语修饰，一般没有逗号隔开，作限制性修饰。
OG141： ...identical twins with the same genetic endownment
OG152: ... kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against...
-- 小结：
如果有逗号隔开，应该优先考虑With介词短语作状语修饰
如果没有逗号隔开，应该优先考虑With介词短语作定语修饰前面临近的名词（中心词）

4. 混淆使用的典型错误： N+with+n+~ing现在分词
OG192D：their language is French with English, Spanish and Italian words having been added to it
OG 102B: a concern performance with the composer staging it
这里没有逗号隔开，优先考虑做定语修饰前面的名词，但是又用了With+n+~ing现在分词的独立主格形式，这个副词形式是用来做状语的。因此错误
-- 小结：无逗号隔开优先考虑With短语作定语，但注意介词短语和副词短语的不同作用

总结：
1）with的出现形式主要是With介词短语和With紧密型独立主格结构。
2）介词短语可以用来作状语修饰主语，也可以作为定语修饰前面的中心词。作状语时，要注意放在句尾可能引起的歧义
3）With独立主格形式作伴随状语，放在句尾或句首，可以修饰主语或主句中的谓语动词（With独立主格中没有真正的谓语）
4）如果有逗号隔开，则优先考虑作状语；如果没有逗号隔开，则有限考虑做限制性定语
5）主语With介词短语和With独立主格形式在做状语和做定语时的混淆错误-- n.+with+n.+~ing现在分词


关于with用法的总结
今天看了论坛里关于with用法的全部讨论，经过个人汇总分析，重新总结如下：
情各位大牛指教。

情各位大牛指教。





1．With 引导的独立主格结构：with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词、介词短语、不定式、形容词等）其中的名词/代词就是该独立结构的主语。而当with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词）时，with可省略。
这种结构一般表示伴随状态。如She was knitting, with the television on.



这种结构可以在句首，也可以在句尾。用逗号和主句隔开。



这种情况下，是不需要考虑逻辑主语的，with后面的名词或代词就是逻辑主语。



题目包括：OG19



这种结构也出现在那道经典的争议题中：



Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.



A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people



B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many people



C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many people



D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are



E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are








2．With短语紧跟被修饰的名词后面做限制性修饰语：
og141B和D，og102E，og152E，这几个选项都不对，但og200里面的限制性修饰对了。







个人认为tianwan的经典论述很有道理：限制性修饰成分（具有某某属性的东东，隐含的意思是：没有此某某属性的就不是这个东东），非限制性修饰成分（某东东，
此东东有某某属性）。



但好像不能以此为主来判断选项的对错。否则OG200无法解释。







3．With＋n.，句子：这时，要考虑逻辑主语。
Og158，




4．主语，with＋n，谓语＋宾语：这种情况with修饰主语，没有歧义，OG中的两个都是正确的使用。
OG179，OG205




5．主谓宾，with＋n:这里with修饰宾语
OG114




6．主谓宾＋with短语: 此时要注意with修饰可能有歧义，with可能修饰主语或宾语
212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for



several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.



(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving



(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve



(C)
aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving



(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating
costs and improving



(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to
improve



The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufac­turing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.