that/which根据逻辑含义跳跃指代.
1.当前面是同格,不需要区分是修饰前面的名词还是后面的名词,比如the four of us,比如a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission,那么that/which修饰前后两个名词完全是没有区别。
2.两个词,一个是核心词,一个是修饰部分的名词,that/which修饰两者都可以,关键是你要表达一个什么意思,另外修饰前面的名词时,不能跳得太远(通常不超过往前数第三个名词),要不就和代词一样--指代不清。
用lzls...nake的句子打个比方:
1. Of all the vast tides of imgration that have swept through history ......
句子想表达的含义是那个移民潮横扫历史,因此that修饰的就是tides
2. Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning ...... and ending ......
句子想表达的是信是什么时候写的,因此which修饰的就是letters
3. Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began
句子想表达的是Roman Colosseum的正式称呼,因此which修饰的是Roman Colosseum,为什么要加上which was是因为同位语总是修饰前面短语的核心词,而这里Construction of the Roman Colosseum的核心词是Construction,而只有定语从句才有可跳可不跳的功能,所以就用定从而不用同位语。
4.the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise ...... and act as ......
that修饰a breakwater of rocks中的breakwater,因为that would rise是breakwater的一个整体性功能,rocks没有组成breakwater的话没有这个功能。A of B中的of在此表示“原材料”或者“特征、性质”,核心词在前。
5.Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission, which can ......
前面是同格,不需要区分是修饰前面的名词还是后面的名词
6. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an anduvidual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
能create unconscious physiological responses的只有emotional reactions,不可能是individual,单复数也不一致。
7.Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could ......
可以做某事的只有tool,而不是conversation,逻辑含义上也是想表达该工具的功能,而不是private conversation的功能,所以that could修饰tool。
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可能我没有完全理解lzlsnake的意思,总感觉这个回帖有点水…
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/7/19 18:49:10)