By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.
2. ing结构前面有逗号的时候,优先考虑其作状语,其修饰的对象是前面整个句子主干。但ing做状语又有很多种区分:
若主句是主系表结构,ing结构是对前面主系表结构的句子做的一种补充说明,此时ing结构不表伴随,不表结果,只是表示一个补充说明的 意思。
而当前面是主谓宾的时候,逗号+ing形式可做伴随动作,可做结果状语。若表伴随,其伴随的是主句动词,但必须保证主句主语是ing形式的动作发出者。若表结果状语,其修饰前面整个主句,并无逻辑主语的问题,但是前面主句再改作名词结构后,可以作为ing结构动作的发出者。举例如下(OG12 Q47):
Five sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland, bringing to 34.... (这道题是OG最经典的bringing做结果状语,修饰前面整件事)
把主句变为名词,即是The leave of the five sea eagles brings.... 可见是这个leave这个事情(把left名词化)作为brings的真正主语。
但看OG 13 第35题,
35.
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.
(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were
(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
我能理解E是对的,earned 修饰records,但是看B的解释看不懂,OG解释为:Here,the word earning takes the pilot herself ,not the records,as its subject.However,earning is closed to the records,not to Jacqueline Cochan,making this sentence hard to process. 这是什么意思,什么叫hard to process呢? 如果逗号前面是名词结构的话,且有两个名词,到底V-ing修饰紧邻的还是最前面的名词?比如这里的earning修饰哪个?
又看到OG13 第7题,the intricate structure of the compound insect eye,having hundreds of miniture eyes called ommatidia,OG对A项解释说这里having修饰the intricate structure
昨天刚回答了一个兄弟,这个问题还真是很头痛,论坛里对V-ing谈论的太多太多了。但是Gmat总是能花样翻新。
我还是觉得是这样; 如果前边是主谓的话,别管有没有什么伴随结果状语还是叫别的什么,大家都能做对。最怕的就是前边主谓宾
这个时候如果前边主谓宾,后边就千万别有个代词(不是说这题没有代词就对啊),earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
又如;at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers
其实所有的规则都是这样---不这样不行; 所以千万遇到这样前边主谓宾,后边v-ing加个代词,弄的你也不知道v-ing的逻辑主语是谁,也不知道后边代词代的什么