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题目10
文章逻辑链：
observation是错的，而ic-method是对的 -> 应该采用interview-centered method
提纲：
1. （攻击原因）ob不一定是错的
20年很长 会有变化
--岛上与外界接触 习俗发生变化
2. （攻击原因）ic不一定是对的
--调查结论产生的前提可能有问题：说亲生父母多，不代表由亲生父母养大。也许是孩子想念亲生父母
--调查对象没有代表性 群岛 而非这一个岛 很可能这个岛的调查者很少
--调查方式可能有误导性和倾向性
3. （承认原因，攻击推理）
--应该由第三方对调查结果分析，得出结论
--可能还有更好的方法（浸入式研究方法）不仅问小孩 也要问大人
Date: 02/16/2013 Time: N/A
Some anthropologists suggest that interview-centered method should be chosen for obtaining accurate information. To support it, the arguer cited an observation conducted by Dr. Field, 20 years ago, which proves to be invalid and an interview made by Dr. Karp which conducted an opposite conclusion about the culture in Tertian. However, the argument accomplished little toward supporting the recommendation, with several critical fallacies, after close scrutiny.
The major problem with the recommendation is the Dr. Karp's judgment that Dr. Field's observation is invalid. It is surely to happen that many background situations upon which the culture depends will change with the lapse of time, for the reason that two decades is indeed a long period of time. As time went by, the culture in the island of Tertian might be influenced by the one in other islands near Tertian. Dr. Karp's judgment would be more convincing with some other evidences to prove the observation’s falsehood, which are not mentioned in the passage.
Still, the reliability of Dr. Karp's method contributes to another flaw that weakens this recommendation. Dr. Kerp failed to indicate that the respondents can stand for a sufficient proportion of the whole. For example, it is possible the majority of the respondents come from the group of islands except Tertian, let alone the exact numbers of the whole respondents is not given. If the total number of the respondents is small, the representativeness of the interview cannot stand. Also, we are not aware of whether or not the respondents provide authentic and believable answer and whether there is something biased or inductive were designed deliberately in the interview to get the expected result. We expect Dr. Kerp would describe more about his interview.
In addition, the conclusion conducted by Dr. Karp is based on the assumption that the child, who talked more about biological parents in the interview, is reared by them. Obviously, without any reasons supporting, the assumption is worthy of doubt. For example, reared by the entire village, the child will talk more about parents if he/she misses them.
Given all that, the recommendation is unpersuasive. Even though Dr. Karp's conclusion is valid, it is not proved that the interview-centered method is likely to be the optimal. Maybe some other methods are also available, such as immersion method and so on. |
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发表于 2013-2-16 19:01:11
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