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VING到底修饰谁的问题,以OG13语法25,35为例提问

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楼主
发表于 2012-11-29 18:23:54 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
25Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
E Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
这个选项不选是因为drawing会修饰adulthood,那么也就是说就近修饰
35 By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.
B earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
这个选项不选因为earning修饰了pilot而非records。为什么这里earning在这里不是修饰的records了?是不是因为earning表主动所以只能修饰人而不是records了?
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沙发
发表于 2012-11-29 21:23:38 | 只看该作者
(1) 一般來說,present participle是默認與主句動作同一個time frame的。如果present participle的動作發生在主句動作的time frame之前的話,present participle要對present participle使用完成時態,即是having done的形式。
正確的選項表示,N家現在獲得結論,是基於他們過去20年所積累的知識。
這裡amass對應的time frame是發生在draw之前的,因而要用having amassed。

同理可得,E項主句是用present perfect,它對應的time frame是從20年前到現在,然後drawing應該是默認跟主句同一個time frame的,但事實上draw對應的僅僅是now,不能這樣使用。所以才會有OG解釋說“this sentence attempts to attach a present-tense descriptor to a present-perfect clause.”,因而E錯。

另外,Manhattan說,如果是present participle with comma的話,這類型的修飾語屬於verb modifier,修飾的應該是主句的verb,而且要求與主句的subject要make sense。如果要用present participle來修飾noun的話,必須把comma去掉,並且要符合touch rule的原則。
因而,上面的drawing前面有個comma,按照語法分析,修飾的應該是have amassed.

(2)根據上面的解釋,earning語法上修飾的是held,而且要求與subject—pilot JC能夠make sense。
按照意思上理解,earning可以與pilot JC make sense,但是held和earn看起來更像是兩個並列的動作,沒有看做來有修飾關係。
另外,B想還有一個更明顯的錯誤在於,at a time that...。這裡不應該使用that,要用when/in which來表示時間狀語。
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