結構問題

dinino66328 · 发表于 2003-6-27 15:21:00

1. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.
A. significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
B. significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
C. significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
D. significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
E. significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business
答案是(B)
我的问题如下
1. E错在哪里
2. significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse是用来修饰哪一个单字或句子的，和前一句有什么关系，可以麻烦您把原来的句子写出来吗?
3. which所指为何?

2. During Roosevelt’s years in office, Black Americans began voting for Democrats rather than Republicans in national elections, but Black support for Democrats at the state and local levels developed only after Harry Truman’s support of civil rights legislation.
我觉得画线的部分应该有错吧，应改成Black support's for才对。
要不然从but开始的后半句会变成run-on sentence，不知道我这样的解读对不对，请指教,tks!

super_lee · 发表于 2003-6-27 17:17:00

1、首先 significant 就错了，改变原意，所以第一排除d、e.
"significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse"修饰“the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers”
which指“the effects of drug and alcohol abuse”

2、but是连词，要求连接平行对称。

dinino66328 · 发表于 2003-6-27 21:04:00

一
1. 感谢您的回信，感激不尽但小弟还有几个问题萦绕不解。您提到的significant改变原意，是因为词性改变了，因而也改变了句意吗?
2. "significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse"修饰“the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers”如果是这样的话，那原句是否如下:
Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers and is significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse 这样对吗？
3. which 有可能代替的是 the use of crack and cocaine 吗?
二
1. but Black support for Democrats at the state and local levels developed only after Harry Truman’s support of civil rights legislation
此句有两个动词，一为support、另一为developed，如此一来不是成为run-on sentence吗?
因此我才会认为，画线的部分应该要调整为Black’s support for
还请各位先进指教，tks!

braveMBA · 发表于 2003-6-27 23:34:00

1. 本来是分词表示伴随状态，被变成了形容词短语，改变的句意，另外我觉得不是在修饰整个句子，而就是逻辑主语是the use of crack and cocaine的现在分词做伴随状语。
2、去掉IS，没有什么错吧
3、不可能，因为WHICH引导定语从句要就近修饰
二、
1、能否把原题选项给出？

super_lee · 发表于 2003-6-27 23:50:00

1.significant和significantly词义完全不一样，前者为有意义的，后者为大大地；所以，在不考虑语法结构的情况下就马上排除它，我做题时是竖着看答案的，所以，根本就不用去分析D,E.

不存在“and is ”，significantly compounding 作伴随。

which肯定指代the effects ，因为是复数，看原句。

2、容我在想想，当时看得很快。另外，请教一下：什么是run-on sentence？

具体说来听听，呵呵

dinino66328 · 发表于 2003-6-28 11:45:00

感謝您的回信
1. "but是连词，要求连接平行对称"
既然but是對等連接詞，那句型結構應和前一句子相同，
前一句的結構為 S+V-ed "Black Americans began voting"
那此句是否也應為Balck supported for
可是如此一來就會造成雙動詞的錯誤，所以應該使用support的名詞，但用法應改為Black’s support for，所有格的用法，如此一來句意才通吧。這是我不懂的地方
2. 所謂的run-on sentence就是一個句子裡出現兩個動詞，造成句子結構錯誤。

dinino66328 · 发表于 2003-6-28 12:03:00

以下是引用braveMBA在2003-6-27 23:34:00的发言：
1. 本来是分词表示伴随状态，被变成了形容词短语，改变的句意，另外我觉得不是在修饰整个句子，而就是逻辑主语是the use of crack and cocaine的现在分词做伴随状语。
2、去掉IS，没有什么错吧
3、不可能，因为WHICH引导定语从句要就近修饰
二、
1、能否把原题选项给出？

1. 我同意您的說法，我也覺得significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse是用來修飾the use of crack and cocaine
2. "去掉IS，没有什么错吧"
當然沒錯，我當初是不確定significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse和上面的句子關係為何?
那我再請教你這個句子的原來樣子是否應該為
Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among worker and the use of crack and cocaine is significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse
斜線的部分省略，前面再補上一個逗點，我的分析對嗎？
3. 我同意您的說法。
二
這一題我當初有疑問的地方並不是在答案，因此並沒有把答案選項列出來，既然您有興趣，那我就把它列出來。
原題為
During Roosevelt’s years in office, Black Americans began voting for Democrats rather than Republicans in national elections, but Black support for Democrats at the state and local levels developed only after Harry Truman’s support of civil rights legislation.
A. developed only after when civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Truman
B. developed only after when civil Harry Truman supported civil rights legislation
C. developed after Harry Truman's support of civil rights legislation
D. develops only at the time after the supporting of civil rights legislation by Harry Truman
E. developed only after there being Harry Truman's support of civil rights legislation
答案為 C

tocean0222 · 发表于 2003-6-28 12:25:00

1、我也觉得这里的 black support有点毛病，可能改为the black's support更好，如果没有the的话可能不能表达整体的概念，这个问题还有待商榷！
2、而support在这里作从句的主语，只可能名词，因此不存在run-on sentence 的问题.

braveMBA · 发表于 2003-6-28 23:24:00

Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among worker and the use of crack and cocaine is significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse
斜線的部分省略，前面再補上一個逗點，我的分析對嗎？
------------------------------
不能这样认为，虽然你补出的这样的方式并没有语法错误。因为现在分词做状语表示伴随状态或者伴随结果，它的根本还是修饰成分，并不是句子重心或者核心意思，而你改成两个谓语动词的并列以后，句子的重心发生了明显的变化，整个句子强调的是同时发生的两个动作或者状态，这里决不是省略。例如：“我边干活边听音乐”，和“我干活，听着音乐”，这两个句子的强调是不一样的，你体会一下。

dinino66328 · 发表于 2003-6-28 23:51:00

以下是引用braveMBA在2003-6-28 23:24:00的发言：
Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among worker and the use of crack and cocaine is significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse
斜線的部分省略，前面再補上一個逗點，我的分析對嗎？
------------------------------
不能这样认为，虽然你补出的这样的方式并没有语法错误。因为现在分词做状语表示伴随状态或者伴随结果，它的根本还是修饰成分，并不是句子重心或者核心意思，而你改成两个谓语动词的并列以后，句子的重心发生了明显的变化，整个句子强调的是同时发生的两个动作或者状态，这里决不是省略。例如：“我边干活边听音乐”，和“我干活，听着音乐”，这两个句子的强调是不一样的，你体会一下。

恩，好像真的有點不同耶，多謝您的提醒，也真的很感謝各位的幫忙！

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