关于代词指代问题——主从句、并列句原则哪个优先？

qhfzwyx · 发表于 2012-5-1 00:00:54

看到语法笔记中的总结：
代词不一定是就近指代（但过远一定不好），通常代词指代对象的查找顺序为：
(1) 主从句中：先指代主语的核心词，再指代宾语或表语的核心词，最后指代修饰语中的名词。
(2) 并列句中：有2个或3个句子并列，第2个或第3个句子中的代词应该优先指代第1句中主句的名词
可是如果是句子A+连词+句子B+从句C的结构，那么C中的代词优先指代句子A中的主语吗？

例子：203. (T-4-Q29)

In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.
A. due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing
B. due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize
C. because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize
D. because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize
E. because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing

E. Correct.
语法笔记解释是： humidity within them...tourists身体里面不可能包含有humidity，而且by tourists在从句的介宾短语里，是不会被指代的，所以them不会指代混乱。

我想问到底是介宾短语不会被指代还是本身就应该指代主句主语chambers呢？？

还有A选项which修饰不对，可是看了网上别人的总结：
引用自gmat928
====================================================================
2、跳跃修饰

在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which跳跃修饰前面的核心词，不能修饰紧邻的名词。
下面是几个例子：

From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoeabout twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids
这句话的which离其所应该修饰的核心词canoe很远，中间隔了一个插入语，还隔了个介词结构about…，但只要知道核心词是canoe就能一目了然找到which应该指的是什么。这里不能修饰紧邻的名词cedar。

Emily Dickinson's lettersto Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词Susan Huntington Dickinson，必须跳过介词结构to…，修饰核心词letter。

Unlike most other mergersin the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词utility industry，必须跳过介词结构in…，修饰核心词merger。

In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Actof 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
这里的which不能修饰紧邻的1698，必须跳过介词结构of 1968修饰前面的核心词act。

有人这里会说这不是A of B，which吗？which应该紧邻修饰啊？其实不然，因为of 1968和前面的那些A of B实际上用法不一样，这里是表示时间而不是“从属关系”。这个时间应该归在介词结构一类，所以要跳过。

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词emission，必须跳过分词修饰结构called …，修饰核心词technique。

归纳一下，会发现which之所以要跳过介词结构是因为：其原本应该紧邻所修饰的核心名词，但是因为which的内容太长，而介词、分词等修饰结构又很短，所以把which结构后置了。
====================================================================

A中的exhaled by 不是分词修饰吗？那which 应该修饰moisture, 为什么用which引导非限定性定从不能表达出该有的意思？？

qhfzwyx · 发表于 2012-5-3 12:43:01

求牛人帮忙看看呀。。。。

tthere · 发表于 2012-5-5 20:31:16

不要纠结于这些所谓的规律和总结了~~每个句子所要表的的意思不同就会有千万种不同的情况~~这些规律都不是绝对的语法规定，所以一定会有特殊情况，唯一可以帮助我们判断对错的就是用逻辑意思。理解句子想要表达什么意思，如果所使用的表达方式不会产生歧义，则这种表达就是正确的。当然，有的时候由于有先入为主的影响，可能我们看不出来错误地表达下的歧义，这就需要在做错题的时候仔细分析，多做几道自然就掌握了。

GMAT里代词的考擦主要有两点
1、所指代的名词必须在句中出现（形式主语除外）
2、单复数一致
关于修饰也一样，修饰词放置的原则是
1、逻辑意思正确
2、尽量挨近被修饰成分

只有这些才是真正的原则~~从逻辑意思发出去理解语法题，就会发现好多问题不用纠结了~~
这些都是从baby姐那里学来的~希望对楼主有所帮助~http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_Preparation/thread-646901-1-1.html

tthere · 发表于 2012-5-5 21:10:00

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_Preparation/thread-646901-67-1.html
baby姐的帖子~~看看会有启发的~~

qhfzwyx · 发表于 2012-5-22 16:08:45

之前一直没有看到你的回复，谢谢了~我现在也觉得做题做的越多越有点偏离轨道了，太纠结细枝末节了，其实可能真正的思路不是选择为什么对，而是选择为什么错吧

本贴相关题目 OG-2017-SC-698 | GMATPrep-2008E1-SC-203 | TN-12-SC-29OG-2017-SC-698 |
OG-2016-SC-30 |
OG-2015-SC-8 |
OG-13-SC-8 |
OG-12-SC-6 |
GMATPrep-2008E1-SC-203 |
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本贴相关题目 OG-2017-SC-698 | GMATPrep-2008E1-SC-203 | TN-12-SC-29OG-2017-SC-698 | OG-2016-SC-30 | OG-2015-SC-8 | OG-13-SC-8 | OG-12-SC-6 | GMATPrep-2008E1-SC-203 | TN-12-SC-29 ... (AFUL)

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关于代词指代问题——主从句、并列句原则哪个优先？

所属分类: 下线版块

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()

本贴相关题目 OG-2017-SC-698 | GMATPrep-2008E1-SC-203 | TN-12-SC-29OG-2017-SC-698 |
OG-2016-SC-30 |
OG-2015-SC-8 |
OG-13-SC-8 |
OG-12-SC-6 |
GMATPrep-2008E1-SC-203 |
TN-12-SC-29
... (AFUL)