og180/181/182

180. Quasars are so distant that their light has taken billions of years to reach the Earth; consequently, we see them as they were during the formation of the universe.

1. we see them as they were during



2. we see them as they had been during



3. we see them as if during



4. they appear to us as they did in



5. they appear to us as though in

we see them as they were during the formation of the universe.这句是什么意思啊？

181. Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.

1. to survive



2. of firms to survive



3. for surviving



4. for survival



5. for firms' survival

The subject of the main clause (such firms) presumes a prior reference to the firms in question. Furthermore, the logical subject of to survive and the logical complement of required should be made explicit. All three demands are met by B, the best choice. Choices A, C, and D, with no reference to the firms in question, meet none of these demands. In choice E, the illogical and awkward use of a prepositional phrase (for firms' survival) buries the needed initial reference to firms in a possessive modifier.

B和E的区别到底在哪里？我这么看不懂这句。我发现了在og的解释和题目中出现了两次以上的bury，到底在这里是什么意思。

182. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.

1. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be



2. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being



3. A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being



4. A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as



5. Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers, as

   是不是在一个句子中them这样的代词一般来讲指代的都是附近的词的内容。可以按照就近原则来理解。

180：我们看它就象是看它在宇宙形成时期的样子

181参考  http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=25873

In choice E, the illogical and awkward use of a prepositional phrase (for firms’ survival) buries the needed initial reference to firms in a possessive modifier.   是不是可以翻译成：选项E不合逻辑笨拙地使用介词短语(for firms’ survival)以所有格修饰掩盖了需要的逻辑主语。

182 代词指代讨论过，自己在本区查下吧

我觉得是连词，用法跟下边这个句子一样。（摘自金山词霸）

This is the same as it was before. 这个与以前一样。

下边这个句子，也是用的过去时，但是我觉得可能是虚拟语气，也写到这里来吧，请多指教。

He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.他是我最好的朋友，或者说，是第二个我。