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Exercise 38
1. The language  ocock has most closely investigated is that of “civic
humanism.” For much of his career he has argued that eighteenth- century
English political thought should be interpreted as a (i)___ between rival
versions of the “virtue” central to civic humanism. On the one hand, he
argues, this virtue is described by representatives of the Tory opposition
using a vocabulary of public spiritand (ii)___. For these writers the societal
ideal is the small, independent landowner in the countryside. On the other
hand, Whig writers describe such virtue using a vocabulary of commerce and
economic progress; for them the ideal is the (iii)___.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A conflict D self- sufficiency G merchant
B harmony E divine- devotion H astronaut
C correlation F social - participation I intellectual
2. There is no direct evidence linking increased quality of underfunded
segregated black schools to these improvements in earning potential. In fact,
even the evidence on relative schooling quality is (i)___. Although in the
mid- 1940s term length at black schools was (ii)___ that in white schools, the
rapid growth in another important measure of school quality, school
expenditures, may be explained by increases in teachers’ salaries, and
historically, suc h increases have not necessarily increased school quality.
Finally, black individuals in all age groups, even those who had been
educated at segregated schools before the 1940s, experienced post- 1960
(iii)___ in their earning potential.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A ambiguous D reversing G increases
B significant E approaching H decreases
C eye- catching F lagging I stalls
3. Art historians’ approach to French Impressionism has changed
significantly in recent years. While a decade ago Rewald’s History of
Impressionism, which emphasizes Impressionist painters’ stylistic
innovations, was (i)___, the literature on impressionism has now become a
kind of ideological battlefield, in which more attention is paid to the subject
matter of the paintings, and to the social and moral issues raised by it, than to
their (ii)___. Recently, politically charged discussions that address the
impressionists’ unequal treatment of men and women and the exclusion of
modern industry and labor from their pictures have tended to (iii)___ the
stylistic analysis favored by Rewald and his followers.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A dispassionate D style G espouse
B disparaged E contents H crowd out
C unchallenged F significance I neglect
4. In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to
investors, some developing countries have attempted to (i)___ the security of
such agreeme nts with clauses specifying that the agreements will be
governed by a set of legal principles or rules shared by the world’s major
legal systems. However, advocates of governments’ freedom to modify or
(ii)___ such agreements argue that these agreements fa ll within a special
class of contracts known as administrative contracts, a concept that
originated in French law, but their argument is (iii)___.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A strengthen D approve G flawed
B eliminate E foment H documented
C exacerbate F terminate I sufficed
5. Suppose I am watching a movie and see a snake gliding toward its victim.
Surely I might experience the same emotions of panic and distress, though I
know the snake is not real. These responses extend even to phenomena not
conventionally accepted as real . A movie about ghosts, for example, may be
terrifying to all viewers, even those who firmly (i)___ the possibility of
ghosts, but this is not because viewers are confusing cinematic depiction with
(ii)___. Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that
are interpretations, rather than (iii)___, of reality: I am moved by Mozart’s
Requiem, a composition for the dead, but I know that I am not at a real
funeral.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A acknowledge D reality G panorama
B repudiate E fiction H annotation
C substantiate F scenario I representation
6. Anthropologist David Mandelbaum makes a distinction between
life - passage studies and life - history studies which emerged primarily out of
research concerning Native Americans. Life - passage studies, he says,
“emphasize the requirements of society, showing how groups socialize and
enculturate their young in order to make them into (i)___ members of
society.” Life histories, however, “emphasize the experiences and
requirements of the (ii)___, how the person copes with society rather than
how society copes with the stream of individuals.” Life - passage studies bring
out the general cultural characteristics and commonalities (a common feature
or attribute) that broadly define a culture, but are (iii)___ an individual’s
choices or how the individual perceives and responds to the demands and
expectations imposed by the constraints of his or her culture. This distinction
can clearly be seen in the autobiographies of Native American women.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A ecstatic D personnel G unconcerned with
B peripheral E group H solicitous in
C viable F individual I doubted about
7. Because his work concentrates on the nineteenth century, McLaughlin
unfortunately overlooks earlier sources of influence, such as eighteen- century
White resident traders and neighbors, thus (i)___ the relative impact of the
missionaries of the 1820s in contributing to both acculturation and resistance
to it among the Cherokee. However, McLaughlin is (ii)___ in recognizing
that culture is an ongoing process rather than (iii)___, and he has made a
significant con tribution to our understanding of how Cherokee culture
changed while retaining its essential identity after confronting the
missionaries.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A obscuring D polemic G a static entity
B enunciating E ambivalent H a complicated construction
C rectifying F correct I a needless existence
8. Many argue that recent developments in electronic technology such as
computers and videotape have enabled artists to vary their forms of
expression. By Contrast, others claim that techno logy (i)___ the artistic
enterprise: that artistic efforts achieved with machines preempt human
creativity, rather than being inspired by it. Some even worry that technology
will (ii)___ live performance altogether, but these negative views seem
unnecessarily cynical. In fact, technology has traditionally (iii)___ our
capacity for creative expression and can refine our notions of any give art
form.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A endorses D eliminate G impaired
B corrupts E constrain H overturned
C subverts F contribute to I assisted
9. Until recently, it was thought that the Cherokee, a Native American tribe,
were compelled to (i)___ Euro- American culture during the 1820s. During
that decade, it was supposed, White missionaries arrived and, together with
their part - Cherokee intermediaries, forced Cherokee tribes to (ii)___ the
benefits of “civilization” and the United States government actively
promoted acculturation by (iii)___ the Cherokee to switch from hunting to
settled agriculture, an agricultural fo rm which is more common in
Euro - American Culture. This view was based on the assumption that the end
of a Native American group’s economic and political autonomy would
automatically mean the end of its cultural autonomy as well.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A assimilate D accept G encouraging
B differentiate E dismiss H suppressing
C attack F doubt I clearing
10. The orthodox view that the wealthiest individuals were the most powerful
is (i )___ by Rubinstein’s study. In his analysis, this orthodox view has a
problem that many millionaires who are totally unknown to
nineteenth- century historians: the reason for their (ii)___ could be that they
were not powerful. Indeed, Rubinstein (iii)___ an y notion that great wealth
had anything to do with entry into the governing elite, as represented by
bishops, higher civil servants, and chairmen of manufacturing companies.
The only requirements were university attendance and a father with a
middle - class income.
BLANK1 BLANK2 BLANK3
A questioned D fortunes G appreciates
B buttressed E obscurity H dismisses
C indicated F ingeniousness I comprehends |
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发表于 2011-12-16 08:39:29
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