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看到第144题的时候被分词修饰还是定语从句修饰这个知识点难住了，痛苦思索了半个小时还是不得其解。以下是我粗略找到的相关题目，还望大家赐教。到底应该怎么用呢？ 定语从句还是现在分词结构 上新东方的时候有一条: 现在分词表示一个重复性动作或法律规定; 定语从句表示一个一次性动作. 比如: 1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child. (A) occurring when a child (B) occurring when children (C) that occurred when a child (D) that occurred when they were children（D） (E) that has occurred as each was a child 这好理解, divorce是一个一次性动作 可是下面两句就不对啊! 144. Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970’s, has not significantly reduced the gaps existing between the richest and poorest districts. (A) has not significantly reduced the gaps existing (B) has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists (C) has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists (D) have not significantly reduced the gap that exists（D） (E) have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing 现在完成时表明这个gap一直是存在的, 为何用从句呢? 还有: 199. Because the Earth’s crust is more solid there and thus better able to transmit shock waves, an earthquake of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it does in the West. (A) of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it does in the West (B) of a given magnitude will typically devastate 100 times the area if it occurs in the eastern United States instead of the West (C) will typically devastate 100 times the area in the eastern United States than one of comparable magnitude occurring in the West (D) in the eastern United States will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than will a quake of comparable magnitude occurring in the West（D） (E) that occurs in the eastern United States will typically devastate 100 times more area than if it occurred with comparable magnitude in the West 地震不能一直发生吧. 还请牛牛指点一下吧. 237. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.
(A)
may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other
(B)
may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other
(C)
are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other (D)
are caused by the interaction of two stars
where each is orbiting the other (E)
are caused by the interaction of two stars
orbiting each other
Choice E, the best answer Choice C Also, the phrase two stars that orbit each other
illogically suggests that there are two particular stars causing all the phenomena in question, rather than various sets of stars in various locations.???(现在分词与从句的区别). 从句重点在状态（如144）或者表示限定（如237)或一次性动作（如1） 但是199的分词怎么解释呢？总不能是重复发生吧？ 充满了疑惑，谢谢大家 
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