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9) In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
用了大概50来分钟。例子总结起来太费劲了。
只写了五百字不到，可是已经尽力了。总觉得行文不是很有说服力。求指点！
Over the long human history, there havebeen many significant contributions in different areas including science,technology, art, etc. The role relative knowledge plays in achieving thecontributions in that field is a very interesting question that could guidemore success. Is it impossible to make a significant contribution without firstbeing strongly influenced by past achievements within that field as the authorstates? It seems like the author overstates the importance of past achievementsin a field. In fact, other factors can also greatly influence human contributions.
Admittedly, I agree with the author thatmany significant contributions have been made based on the insightfulunderstanding of the past achievements within that field. Copernicus, forexample, would not be able to present the heliocentric theory without beinginfluenced by the past geocentric theory and donating thirty years studying onit. Similarly, it would be impossible for Einstein to challenge Newton'sclassical mechanics if it had no influence on him. Thus, in many cases, pastachievements in an area could serve as stepping stones to new contributions, whichcould even replace the old ones afterwards.
However, the author overstates theimportance of existed achievements in a specific area to the creations withinthat area. Since different subjects such as science and art are interrelated,contributions can also be achieved with the scaffold of knowledge of otherareas. Da Vinci's outstanding contribution to painting can serve as a vividexample. As the first person who developed the use of light into painting, DaVinci had sufficiently studied on "light", which was supposed to be ageneral concept in physics. The style of painting bodies with great precision,on the other hand, successfully adopted the achievements in anatomy whichbelongs to biology. Nowadays, the contribution Steve Jobs has made insuccessfully running Apple Tech has been influenced not only by the pastachievements in smart phone technology, but also by his deep appreciation inbeauty and art.
What is more, many contributions in humansociety have been accomplished by the ability of imagination, rather than anyinfluence of the past achievements. For example, gravity was a product ofimagination flashing over Newton's mind when he witnessed a ripe apple fallingoff a tree. The use of steam machine was accidentally found by Watt who one daysaw the lid of a hot pot jumping over the steam, with an imagination of usingthe power to replace labor work. The long lasting fairytales written by Andersonwere glorious products of his colorful imaginative world. Thus, imagination isalso an indispensable factor upon which many human contributions based.
In sum, according to what has beendiscussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that past achievements inone field is not the only reason that significant contributions in that fieldhave been made. Scaffold of other fields, an elite’s ability of imagination canalso contribute to those great developments in human history. |
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发表于 2011-11-2 09:21:25
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