昨天看得太晚，今天早上居然醒得早，索性一起看一下吧
1、 在OG的SC练习中，若是选项出现that、those等等常常会因为缺少指代对象或是wordy被判错。代词指代时是不是就是指代逻辑上的前文出现过的？会不会有可以连代词都省略掉的情况？
- that引导的限定定语可以跳跃，根据逻辑意义判定(注意不是单纯的逻辑上主句出现过，有时候出现很多都可以指代的)；这个知识点我还没掌握透，需要研究一下什么时候跳跃，是否可以跳跃介宾结构等
- ，V-ed引导的后置定语可以跳跃，根据逻辑意义判定；
- ，which引导的非限定定语一般不能跳跃，就是根据touch原则指代逗号前面最接近的名词对象，但是单复数要一致，所以你会偶尔看到跳跃指代的情况，是单复数决定的
- 不知道什么是代词也省掉啊，偶尔能省掉that吧，比如说直接用V-ed 短语后置修饰名词，比如下面这个cut into，我觉得前面省略了that were；还有ving也可以直接放在名词后面修饰
The first trenches cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.
- 最后一个我能说的就是当前面出现单数时，后面想指代复数概念，不能用those指代，而要把单数名词重复一次，改成复数名词
2、 关于it作代词也常常有因为指代不明的情况。在我的理解里，it可以用作形式主语或是形式宾语，但有时候分不清什么情况算是“指代不明”，有没有大大可以帮着总结一下？
- 指代过程中，it，they等代词指代完全相同的对象；that，those等指代同一类型的另外一个copy，而不是同一个东西
- 注意主句出现多个单数名词的时候，it指代主句主语，而不是最近的一个；同一句话里面所有的it或者they指代同一个对象，不能指代不同对象；但是形式主语it就不受这个限制，比如主句出现it is good to drink sth，从句出现it is bad to eat sth，因为这时候it指代to do sth
3、 OG13 40：关于这题题干中的时态有点不理解。
……but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production……
这句话里 announced用了一般过去时，但that从句里用了will pare 一般将来时，为什么这里不用would呢？还有正确选项E中only if non- OPEC nations trim output这里是条件状语从句？
- 好尴尬啊，居然没在OG13里面找到这个题，我的OG13是个pdf版本，扫描的，每次打开还要输入密码。。。你有更好版本吗？
- 网上找了一下，是这个吗？看我的分析
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had (pp 表示发生在annouced之前) long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but (已经转折了，后面不需要再出现but) officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will (后面的if只是表示普通的条件从句，而不是假设从句，所以可以用will原型，不用would) pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if (表示条件) non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.
(A) year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output (but多余；but前的逗号多余；were to trim错误，be to 表示将来时，这里是条件句；然后主动优于被动)
(B) year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed (but多余；but前的逗号多余；output is trimmed不如nation trim output，主动优于被动；which includes单数错误，应该用复数) (C) year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed (条件句用现在时就可以了，不用将来时虚拟would；主动优于被动) (D) year only if non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output (which includes错误，需要复数；were trimming错误，这里的条件句不需要用进行时，这样错误的表达了只有在这些国家正在trimming的时候才可以怎么怎么样) [backcolor=transparent !important](E) year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output (正确[backcolor=transparent !important]，only if nations trim output by ... a day主动结构，简洁，没有错误)
4、 OG13 50：关于这题正确选项中的过去完成时，千行里给的解释是这个fear的状态持续到了过去的一个时间点（或是time marker），可我不太理解句子里哪有这样一个过去的时间点？
- 是这个吗，我用的千行12版
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared (时间点是earlier in the year吧，持续到the gains因为gains已经发生了，理论上gains应该是that were achieved) earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
5、 关于“……，v-ing”这样的结构，v-ing修饰的是逻辑上的主语？还是一定是主句主语？还是离它最近的呢？（就是在修饰的时候，什么时候会有“就近原则“？）
- ving是状语不是modifier，修饰主句主语，不是就近原则；就近原则是指定语，同位语
6、 有没有大大可以帮忙总结一下with的用法，如何判断with是谁的伴随？（例如OG13 90、93）
- 我认为, 如果是逗号后面加with都是主句主语动作的伴随，如果是习语with结构，就看动词主语是什么，比如90这题when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows这里习语是crowded with，那么with就是evening schedule的伴随
7、 关于助动词后面省略动词的时态：
1） OG13 91 千行里的解释说后面的省略要和前面出现过的内容形式上完全一致（形式和时态上）。但是我在曼哈顿的verb extra里（曼哈顿5th P253）看到一句 In the rare cases in which the tenses do not need to match, the exact verb form missing after the helping verb should be present elsewhere in the sentence.
Wrong: Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they ARE.
Right: Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they DO.
那是不是还是有可以时态不一致的情况，只是做题时通常都要选时态一致的呢？
另：OG13 91这句不太理解，有没有谁能给翻译一下下。。
- 前面单独解释过了。翻译一下吧：哥的车这么设计就是为了去拉仇恨的，它们果然拉仇恨了。我觉得后面还省略了作者的得意笑声 “哈哈”
2） 还是曼哈顿verb extra里（P253）提到the helping verbs be, do, and havestand for the positive form of a verb phrase, even if the full verb phrase expressed elsewhere in the sentence is negative.这一句不太理解。后面附的例句是Some people do not eat soup, but others DO. ( = do eat soup)并不是被动呀。。。。
那以Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they DO.这一句为例。是不是要将第一句改成主动：We designed cars to inspire envy. 所以第二句用助动词省略得到 and they do 那这里省略的究竟是designed cars还是省略了inspire envy？为什么？
- 我觉得不能改，改了以后主语变了，就得说We designed cars to inspire envy, and we did. (We to inspire而不是car to inspire). 原句省略的是and they do inpire envy. | 
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发表于 2015-2-5 12:12:01
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