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第一题：
State officials report that soaring rates of liability insurance have risen to force cutbacks in the operations of everything from local governments and school districts to day-care centers and recreational facilities.
(A) rates of liability insurance have risen to force
(B) rates of liability insurance are a force for
(C) rates for liability insurance are forcing
(D) rises in liability insurance rates are forcing
(E) liability insurance rates have risen to force
因为主句是一般现在时，所以选项中的一般现在时，现在完成时都是合法的，所以不能作为备选依据。
rate(s) 可以指称’比例‘，也可以指称’利息，费用‘ 。所以这是备选依据。
根据句义，官方被迫削减运营，这些运营包括政府部门，学校，日托中心还有休闲设施。
如果是单单是责任保险的比例急速上升，不足以成为削减的依据，因为费用可能会相反降低。
所以只能是责任保险的费用在上升。
故只能使用'rates for'明确表示是责任保险的费用，排除rates of造成的指称歧义。
第二题：
Any medical test will sometimes fail to detect a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one when it is not.
(A) a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one
(B) when a condition is present and indicate that there is one
(C) a condition when it is present and indicate that it is present
(D) when a condition is present and indicate its presence
(E) the presence of a condition when it is there and indicate its presence
句尾状语从句‘when it is not' 是省略重复的表达，应该与在前面出现过的因而被省略的结构呼应，it也应该有明确的指称。
A B两项：将并列句分离出来：
medical test will indicate that that there is one (AKA a condition) when it is not
从句'when it is not' 中的代词it ，明显不能指称主句的主语'medical test', 而只能指称从句中的'one (condition)'
而when it is not是省略句，必须和之前的结构相呼应，也就是是说与'there is one(condition)'结构呼应。
但是两者结构不同，故’when it is not'的省略部分无法还原。
排除A B
同理：D E 项，把并列成分分离出来的话就是：
medical test will indicate its (AKA: a condition) presence when it is not.
when it is not是状语从句。
句中its presence指的是 a condition's presence, 一种病症的存在，
从句when it is not 中的'it'如果指代主句的主语‘any medical test’, 则省略结构 it is not 无法还原
如果it 指代a condition's presence， ‘is not’ 也无法还原，因为'a condition's presence is not' 的表达不合法
所以排除D，E |
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发表于 2011-10-23 09:50:20
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