比较句式中，到底什么情况下用they，什么情况下用those呢？大家讨论一下啊！

leonnong · 发表于 2012-8-19 17:21:04

今天做PREP2008第240题，在C选项中以这句话In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries（这句话是正确的）.来做解释！正确的原因是认为they跟elderly people是同样的一群人！
问题来了，如果这句话正确的话，那么为什么接下来这句话不正确的？
sprinters in texas can run faster than they can in north dakota.（摘自manhattan）
ron的解释是：illogical; in this sentence, "they" would be taken to mean "sprinters in texas" (i.e., not just sprinters).
他进一步说in the construction "NOUN that are more ADJ than it/they was/were...", the pronoun "it/they" stands for exactly those NOUNs that satisfy the comparison given.

example:

taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as they did last year are subject to special scrutiny from the IRS.

this is a properly written sentence; in it, “they” stands for the taxpayers who satisfy the condition given here -- i.e., those taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as they did last year, and ONLY those taxpayers. not all taxpayers in general.

对比前后的解释，我认为两者说的是有矛盾的，有哪位热心人可以出来解释吗？谢谢了！~~

in the construction "NOUN that are more ADJ than it/they was/were...", the pronoun "it/they" stands for exactly those NOUNs that satisfy the comparison given.

example:

taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as they did last year are subject to special scrutiny from the IRS.

this is a properly written sentence; in it, “they” stands for the taxpayers who satisfy the condition given here -- i.e., those taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as they did last year, and ONLY those taxpayers. not all taxpayers in general.

对比前后的解释，我认为两者说的是有矛盾的，因为按照RON的解释，在第一句中they 应该指代In Japan elderly people，而不是单纯elderly people了！有哪位热心人可以出来解释吗？谢谢了！~~

leonnong · 发表于 2012-8-19 21:33:45

在线等答案~~

leonnong · 发表于 2012-8-20 15:18:28

在顶顶！~~

zhongshanlh · 发表于 2012-8-22 18:34:09

我来试试~这个句子还是有点tricky的~
1.In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries.
首先看这句，这句话的确是对的前面的elderly people与后面的they的确指代的完全相同的内容，那么这个elderly people到底指的是什么呢？其实就是泛指的老年人，这句话的意思就是老年人在日本比在欧洲收到更多的尊重。
这里LZ出现的核心问题是，把这句话理解为“在日本的老年人比在西方的老年人收到更多的尊重”，如果这么理解的话，两个老年人就是不同的群体了，就不能用they指代了。
所以，在上面第一个句子中，注意！这里的in Japan做的是状语，而不是限定性修饰的定语！
sprinters in texas can run faster than they can in north dakota.（摘自manhattan）
2.再看第二句话，这里这句话正如Ron所说，they是完整指代，指代了前面的主语及限定性修饰成分，即sprinters in texas这个整体，那么句子的逻辑含义显而易见就是不合理的了。
3.taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as they did last year are subject to special scrutiny from the IRS.
第三句话，同理，后面的who是定于，限定主语taxpayer的范围，所以后面的they完整指代前面的整个主语。

leonnong · 发表于 2012-8-22 23:59:33

那是不是可以这么说：
sprinters in texas can run faster than they can in north dakota.这句话错的，因为in texas在这里只修饰sprinters,而不是做整个句子的状语，所以they指代需要包含修饰它的in texas
但是In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries 是对的，因为in japan不是修饰elderly people的，而是整句话，所以they指代的elderly people是不用包含in japan的！
但是不是可以又说，如果状语放开头，必定修饰整个句子，如果放名词的后面，那必定修饰这个名词呢？？

zhongshanlh · 发表于 2012-8-23 00:13:19

那是不是可以这么说：
sprinters in texas can run faster than they can in north dakota.这句话错的，因为in texas在这里只修饰sprinters,而不是做整个句子的状语，所以they指代需要包含修饰它的in texas
但是In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries 是对的，因为in japan不是修饰elderly people的，而是整句话，所以they指代的elderly people是不用包含in japan的！
但是不是可以又说，如果状语放开头，必定修饰整个句子，如果放名词的后面，那必定修饰这个名词呢？？

-- by 会员 leonnong (2012/8/22 23:59:33)

这个我不敢得出结论就说“如果状语放开头，必定修饰整个句子，如果放名词的后面，那必定修饰这个名词”，使用范围这么广的结论，还是应该结合具体题目和句子具体分析。
比如我们就针对这句话sprinters in texas can run faster than they can in north dakota.
为了表达出不同的含义，那么这个in texas就应该有不同的摆放位置（暂且先忽略句子表达出的意思是否合乎自然规律）：
1.sprinters can run faster in texas than （they can） in north dakota.
2. in texas，sprinters can run faster than they can in north dakota.(这里than后面的they can能不能省略我不敢说，但是因为第二个句子中不像第一个句子中直接把状语放在了than的前后，所以还是不省略为好）
3.sprinters in texas can run faster than those in north dakota.
lz体会一下上面不同句子的含义，句子中的副词、介词短语等等的摆放位置核心问题就是不能引起歧义。

夏夏夏筱染 · 发表于 2019-9-6 16:34:17

强烈建议看一下这一题：
2） that those是核心指代，后面要比较的是同一类事物，但是是一个新的copy。

Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

A.    Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture 指代the global economy，正确，就是想说globaleconomy在不同时期的比较。

B.    Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began that不完全指代，只指代the growth，新的copy后面一定不是说全球经济的growth，而是说别的growth，错误。应该用it完全指代the growth of the全球经济。

C.    The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture that不完全指代，the growth，错误，同B

D.    The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began       (A) it 完全指代the growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000，这里it完全指代就是不正确的，因为between1990and2000这里不是状语，而是作定语修饰economy，都变成了growth的修饰对象，完全指代就把1990and2000也都指代进去了，没法在与后面的时间作比较了，所以it不对。

E.    The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture 同D选项。

比较句式中，到底什么情况下用they，什么情况下用those呢？大家讨论一下啊！

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