求各位进来确认一条语法规则，和关于平行中的代词指代

crack25 · 发表于 2011-7-17 21:06:44

先问，大家怎-看这个？
介词修饰语，后面的第一个代词，不能指代前面的介词后的内容
记不得出处了，但是现在自己也找不到例题，如果有人认为这个方法有误的话，或者对了，或者有条件要求。下面留言告诉我吧。。

还有一个，合并在一起发了。

期待大牛们的指点，我是把平行中的所谓代词指代拿来问了
PREP =OG #? Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
A. Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
B. Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is
C. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
D. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become
E. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,
这个是传说中的题目。就是从平行的代词指代角度分析

根据OG 地解释
C) Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
Please shed some light on "it" it should refer to telephone but OG says "it" refers to radio 注意这个就是考察了代词指代---传说中的平行，！！！！！我最不明白了！！！

[url=]i.e., "it[/url] is the SUBJECT of its clause. Therefore, if "telephone" were the SUBJECT of its respective clause, then we'd have a serious enough problem to force elimination

In B, ...as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which...,

that choice says "BUT which..."
this means that "which..." is the second part of a parallel structure. The first part of this parallel structure is "a tool for private conversation".
BOTH parts of this parallel structure modify "telephone". (this is how parallel structures work: both/all parts of them MUST have the same grammatical function.)

以上两个就是我特想问的
首先，这种题目的判断标准形式是什-？我是指什-程度的平行就可以算是这种平行中的代词指代？我的提问依据：你看C是两句话的，这个没有平行的标志词。但是OG上用到了平行代词的判断方法。其次，B这个虽然是BUT WHICH，但是这里的but应该不是平列连词的吧，是转折连词的吧，或者不这-判断那也不是平列呀？

其次，根据OG 补充语文的71题那个not only ...but also也被作为这个平行指代的例子了！！

然后，还有一个，关于OG#6

6.
In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the
Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for
cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled bv
tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so
that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus
was growing on the walls.

(A)

(0 C because tourists were exhaling moisture, which
had raised the humidity within them to levels
such that salt from the stone would crystallize
(D) D because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists
raising the humidity within them to levels so high
as to make the salt from the stone crystallize
(E) E because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity within them to such levels that salt
from the stone was crystallizing

我想说CDE这个能不能也用代词平行指代判断呢？因为OG的解释貌似很像。。

小伊YSY · 发表于 2011-7-17 21:43:15

当时第一道题我是用句意做的。
平行题目的判断，我想，除了一般常见的并列连词，列举词之外，就是看形式了吧，如果形式存在相似性，且他们的相似又不影响句意的话，那能用平行就尽量平行。
这两道题很明显，第一道
Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience. 众选项中，唯有C又工整又无指代错误，所以就C。
第二道
In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizingandfungus was growing on the walls.

coldice1205 · 发表于 2011-7-21 17:15:34

个人浅见~代词除了单复数一致，先行词存在这几个明显的问题，ambiguous是个比较模糊的概念，记得manhattan论坛里那个大牛Ron说过，有些题会考虑代词的ambiguous的问题，有些就不会，关键是看不同选项里有没有改正这个代词的ambiguous。
第一题里it代单数，有M和radio,但是M是人，不能用it指代，只有radio,而且radio有没有什么单复不一致的问题，因此这里it可以指代radio

第二题：CDE within them中的代词不在主语上，因此不能用平行。主要看句子层级。them形式上可以指代chambers & tourists. CD ambiguous是因为them与他们逻辑上的先行词chambers不是一个层级，chambers是主干，them是从句里的修饰的修饰-->bury deep,反而与tourists层级更接近，因此歧义
E正确，因为tourists在修饰成分中-->tourists是bury deep,因此不会影响them指代chambers.
open discuss~

crack25 · 发表于 2011-7-23 11:23:45

恩，是关于CDEthem，
C because tourists were exhaling moisture, which
had raised the humidity within them to levels
such that salt from the stone would crystallize

我觉得能不能是因为其中moists,which...them.这种导致them只能按照修饰的层次来指代，所以指代的只能是tourists，逻辑不符合。你说的层次是不是也可以按照我说的这个来理解。。。open to discuss

但是，我看笔记说主从句中：先指代主语的核心词，再指代宾语或表语的核心词，最后指代修饰语中的名词。首先这个选项应该不算在主从句/并列句里，所以不能用笔记说的方法来解释

其次，(D) D because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists
raising the humidity within them to levels so high
as to make the salt from the stone crystallize我认为这个歧义是因为raising。。。修饰前面这个because of..中的tourists/humidity.那不管怎样最后这个them也指代不到chambers
(E) E because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity within them to such levels that salt
from the stone was crystallizing这个部分实际上奇怪了，因为them在的位置和yourists刚好对称，都是介词宾语，所以为啥这个就对了？

coldice1205 · 发表于 2011-7-23 14:25:46

恩~你说的C和D的思路和我一样，我就是修饰层级就是这个意思，因为C中的which和D中的raising部分修饰的是以tourists为主干的句子对于E:我觉得介宾对称什么的，主要看含义是不是对称，并不是说两个部分都是n.+介宾，这两个介宾就必须对应。比如平行句、主从句之间的相同位置最好对称没问题，可这是主语和谓语啊~两者没有什么需要一致的地方，所以不需要对称。
由于tourists作为修饰，理解时去掉：SVO, because moisture [...] had raised the h within them. 这样看them指代chambers不是perfect了么~所以是tourists自己主动藏到修饰里了
我觉得这道题OG主要是想告诉我们代词指代对象不要在层层修饰中过于bury deep，否则会ambiguous.但是这个题真正考试时这样做会好麻烦的~ 所以属于efficient的错误吧
这道代词很像OG 43题 C：最后那个them之所以解释说unclear就是由于前面的people在修饰里bury deep了。

crack25 · 发表于 2011-7-28 21:16:57

再问，大家怎-看这个？关于“介词修饰语，后面的第一个代词，不能指代前面的介词后的内容 “N多个人告诉我这个规则，结果每个人都给不出处了。”

但是现在自己也找不到例题，如果有人认为这个方法有误的话，或者对了，或者有条件要求。下面留言告诉我吧。。

谢谢coldice1205 的精彩讨论

求各位进来确认一条语法规则，和关于平行中的代词指代

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