A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug's maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
Q18: GWD-4-4 A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
(a) and (b) are unidiomatic: (a) is wrong because the sentence doesn't contain "three times as much...", and (b) is wrong because the sentence doesn't contain "more".
(e) is bad diction: "the price at which the manufacturer charges" isn't right. you don't charge at a price; you just charge a price (for something).
(d), taken literally, has an absurd meaning: it says "the price of what the drug's maker charges".