提问！关于代词的指代问题！！严重啊！！以3道OG题为例，求高人指教！！

matchMichelle · 发表于 2010-10-22 11:09:48

感觉代词如何指代很乱。我只知道做主语的代词优先回指主语，如果不能指主语再指宾语。但是代词优先回指中心词，怎么样才是中心词呢？代词可以指前面做介宾的名词吗？？

以这道OG题为例，为什么CD两项中，them就指tourist，而E项中them就准确指向chambers了？？

6. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the
Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for
cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by
tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so
that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus
was growing on the walls.
(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which
had raised the humidity within them to levels
such that salt from the stone would crystallize
(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity within them to levels
so high as to make the salt from the stone
crystallize
(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity within them to such levels that salt
from the stone was crystallizing
以下是OG对此三项的解释：
C Th e pronoun them seems to refer to tourists,
which is nonsensical; the entire construction
is awkward and wordy; would crystallize is
not parallel to was growing.
D Once again, them seems to refer to tourists;
the entire construction is awkward, wordy,
and ambiguous; crystallize is not parallel to
was growing.
ECorrect. Th e causal sequence is clear, and
them clearly refers to chambers.

另外OG12 46题的正确答案：
In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans’ creative energy was
expended on the creation of Buddha images and
on construction and decoration of the temples in
which they were enshrined
这是正确答案。这句话中为什么they可以准确指向images? images在句子不是只是一个介宾，并不是中心词吗？

还有OG101:
101. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of
action, especially if it has worked well in the past,
makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or
misinterpret them when they do appear.
(C) An executive who is heavily committed to a
course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret
signs of incipient trouble when they do appear,
especially if it has worked well in the past.
(E) Being heavily committed to a course of action,
especially one that has worked well in the past,
is likely to make an executive miss signs of
incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they
do appear.

正确答案是E。可是为什么OG答案说C项的IT指代不明？我觉得只能指a course of action啊~~~

跪求NN指点了！！！！

matchMichelle · 发表于 2010-10-28 23:27:40

求解答啊~~~

米祈 · 发表于 2010-10-29 02:16:15

帮顶，我也也困惑

bbeos · 发表于 2010-11-3 14:41:53

我先声明我不是神马大牛但我来说说我的看法

NO.6 是句子划分的问题
(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which
had raised the humidity within them to levels
such that salt from the stone would crystallize

可以明确看出来，because引导了一个单独的从句，而这个从句的主语是tourists。所以them才指代不清。如果你不看前面的主句，这也是个成立的句子，them能够找到指代的对象，即前面的tourists。

再来看D
(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity within them to levels
so high as to make the salt from the stone
crystallize

你可以这么划分句子：because of moisture [that was exhaled by
tourists][ raising the humidity within them to levels
so high as to make the salt from the stone
crystallize]

也就是说that从句修饰moisture，raising...做另外一个修饰成分。
但是如果你这么划分呢：

because of moisture {that was exhaled[ by
tourists raising the humidity within them] to levels
so high as to make the salt from the stone
crystallize...

也就是说，by tourists raising the humidity within them 整个作为exhale状语，那么也就是说tourists raising the humidity within them 是一个独立的意思，这里逻辑上tourists是这个部分的主语，humidity是宾语，humidity within XXX，这个XXX是逻辑上的主语tourists，也就是说them修饰了tourists。

(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity within them to such levels that salt
from the stone was crystallizing

这里 moisture是主语，by tourists是exhaled的状语部分，也就是说这个从句的主干是moisture had raised the humidity within them...within them是这从句的宾语humidity的修饰部分。那么就很清楚了，them和tourists没有关系，那么humidity是chambers的湿气。那就只可能是humidity within chambers。

NO 46
B. much of the local artisans’ creative energy was
expended on the creation of Buddha images and
on construction and decoration of the temples in
which they were enshrined

我觉得这句你可以这么想。They能指代什么？肯定是个名词形式的东西吧？
那么所有名词形式的东西就是 energy，creation，Buddha images, construction and decoration，temples。
其中抽象概念的energy creation construction and decoration 都不可能吧？逻辑上肯定不成立啊，他们不能enshrine。那么只能是temples或者Buddha images。Temples不可能吧，in which明显是用于修饰它，含义是temples是enshrine发生的地点。那么they只能指代Buddha images。

还有，creation…部分和 construction…部分是并列的作为宾语。没有什么谁修饰谁的关系吧？所以和NO6 tourists造成的混淆是不同的。

NO101
你综合上面我说的分析方法就知道了。OG说的很明确，it和a course of action中间的名词太多了。至少trouble可以被指代吧？因为这里especially…是一个独立的修饰成分，修饰谁都是可以的。我们平时说话不也是这样吗？既然it要指代a course of action，especially的句子就紧跟着就好了嘛, 免得产生混淆。

若有不对的地方，希望大家指教~

matchMichelle · 发表于 2010-11-8 23:12:55

嗯嗯。。我按照你说的很认真的又分析了一下。。确实有收获！THX VEEERY MUCH!

提问！关于代词的指代问题！！严重啊！！以3道OG题为例，求高人指教！！

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