prep2-77 介词的修饰

77.        (28625-!-item-!-188;#058&004000)

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco
                Canyon
            were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were

(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,

(C) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been

(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each

(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each had been

key：B

这道题还是不明白 CDE的of修饰跟AB的with修饰有什么不用？ 为什么不能用of呢？

scale of在这里是错的。

scale意为规模、范围时：scale of后面是要跟sth.的，也就是某某东东的规模是...

scale意为比例时：，scale of后面跟的是比例a map on the scale of a centimetreto five kilometers

在第二题的解释里面说 逻辑表达，修饰同一对象的成分必须用连词连接使其并列，否则会产生修饰歧义。

 with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,connected by

三者没有用连词并列啊，是不是应该在connected前面加and？

不用，首先：

这里的 of up to 600 rooms each,  connected by a complex regional system of roads.不是用来修饰 scale的，是修饰75 structure的。

如果用and 连接，这两个修饰语是 破坏parrallelism的，像这样：75 carefully engineered structures , of up to 600 rooms each and connected by a complex regional system of roads.

如果要用and连接，我觉得要改成这样：75 carefully engineered structures, possessing 600 rooms each and connected by a complex regional system of roads.

这里的 of up to 600 rooms each,  connected by a complex regional system of roads.不是用来修饰 scale的，是修饰75 structure的。

这个我同意，但是既然of。。。。与connected都是修饰75structures，连着之间也应该用and链接啊，prep-2-139也有同样的问题！

请指教

139.
   (32103-!-item-!-188;#058&006640)

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore.

(A) them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

(B) them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore

(C) which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

(D) which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

(E) which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

你看C有没有用 and连接呢？

首先，即使 使用and也不可以是这样的形式：called the taste pore, and located at the top of the taste bud注意逗号使用的错误。形式1

这种表达是使得and之后接上了一个fragment（只有but是可以这样表达的）

因为这里只是 两个并列的修饰结构。而不是三者或三者以上的List结构，也不是 多个 主谓结构的省略。

要变成 called the taste pore and located at the top of the taste bud  形式2

第二，

当出现两个分词结构 做修饰语的时候，可以用and(形式2）,也可以不用。不用and，只用逗号，就表示 两个修饰词有主次，用and表示两者 无主次，且同样重要。

但是你如果用and,就必须保证 结构上和含义上的平行。called the taste pore和located at the top taste 如果用 and 语法上没错，但是不好，因为两者从含义上不构成平行。

反之，你不用and的话，第一个修饰语 called the taste pore 就被看成是插入修饰结构，是一个修饰次要结构。这样也很好。

第三

当两个修饰结构 形式 不一时，我认为 不能 用 and,因为 and 是 并列连词，要强调 并列 前后 的  

不可以 把 of...修饰结构和分词结构 并列，就像

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco
                Canyon
                were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

不能说：

75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each and connected by a complex regional system of roads.

修饰 structure的两个结构不平行是不可以的。 要不前后都变成 of....and (of) ....  要不全部变成 partciple的结构。

另外，请再看，如果 located 之前加 and,

我们把called 这个插入修饰成分去掉，整话变成：

(C) which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening and located at the top of the taste bud

是不是看出问题了呢。