GWD16-41

Q41:

The first English settlers to establish a permanent colony in America did it not at Plymouth but along the shore of the James River west of Chesapeake Bay. 

1. it not at Plymouth but
           
2. so not at Plymouth but
           
3. not at Plymouth but instead
           
4. not at Plymouth but did so
           
5. it not at Plymouth but rather

答案是B。可是我觉得A也可以。。。不明白it 、so在这里应该怎么使用，望大家指教~

it出现在句子里就必须有明确的单数名次来指代，这个句子里it无指代

但是没有说清楚这个a permanent colony是在NA啊，do so 包含的意思更全面 - establish a permanant colony in North America

查了一下朗曼，发现so 的含义比代词更适合这种情况：

used to refer back to an idea, action, quality, situation etc that has just been mentioned
e.g. hope so/think so/say so etc

'Will I need my umbrella?' 'I don't think so.'

If you want to go home, just say so.

be more so/less so/too much so

The band is popular and likely to become more so.

Jerry is very honest, perhaps too much so.

The troops will not advance until ordered to do so .

so 指代前面提到的动作，即  establish a permanent colony in America
        

it在这里确实无指代

从句意上，第一批（在美洲建立永久殖民地的）英国殖民者, did【 so( established a permanent colony in America )这件事】不是在P，而是沿着。。。

如果说，it指代 a permanent colony ，那么did a permanent colony 是说不通的，这是从逻辑意义上说。

这里有一道OG题，请参考：

41. Under a provision of the Constitution that was never applied, Congress has been required to call a conven­tion for considering possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do it by the legisla­tures of two-thirds of the states.

(A)  was never applied, Congress has been required to call a convention for considering possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do it

(B)   was never applied, there has been a requirement that Congress call a convention for consider­ation of possible amendments to the document when asked to do it formally

(C)  was never applied, whereby Congress is required to call a convention for considering possible amendments to the document when asked to do it formally

(D)  has never been applied, whereby Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do so

(E)   has never been applied, Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amend­ments to the document when formally asked to do so

Choices A, B, C, and D contain tense errors (the use of was never applied with has been required in A, for example), unidiomatic expressions (call... for considering), and uses of a pronoun (it) with no noun referent. By introducing the subordinating conjunction whereby, C and D produce sentence fragments. Only E, the best choice, corrects all of these problems. The predicate has never been applied refers to a span of time, from the writing of the Constitution to the present, rather than to a past event (as was does), and the phrase is required indicates that the provision still applies. The phrase call... to consider is idiomatic, and to do so can substitute grammatically for it.

其实这道题平语感就可以选出did so.但是我还是无法说清。为何SO可以指代a permanent colony in American而IT既不能指代a permanent colony in American。请高人指点。

Ok,我终于发现了可靠的参考。楼主请看

do so和do that(it)常用来代替前面的动词短语，以免重复。一般说来，当被代替的动词是表示动作的动词和短暂动词时，do so, do that(it)都可以使用，并无多少差别。如：

John drank too much yesterday.I wonder why he did so/that/it.但是，在较规范的英语中，do so和do that在以下场合不能混用。

1.do so主要用来表示同一主语所做前面刚提到过的同一动作。如：I promised to get the tickets, and I will do so as soon as possible.The doctor said,“Now, breathe deeply, Charlie.”Charlie does so.

注意：如果动作的发出者是前面句子的宾语，也多用do so.如：A man asked the writer to look after his parrot and the writer said he would do so.

2.当do本身以不定式、现在分词和动名词等形式出现时，不管被替代的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，其后一律接so。如：

They didn’t work yesterday and instead of doing so, they went to the cinema.We decided not to go.To do so would have made things very difficult.

根据此条。是否可以推断：当动词以动名词/现在分词、不定式（doing/to do)结构出现，在后一句话中要替代它，必须用do so而不是do it.

这一题：The first settler to establish....  Establish以to establish形式出现。其后的动词替代必须是do so而不是did it.

欢迎讨论。

3.当替代动词do的主语与前面所提到的句子的主语不同时，应该用do that或do it.

如：Tom suggested emptying all the pockets on the table, but the owner of the pub would not let them do that.

I haven’t got time to get the tickets.Who’s going to do that?

4.注意，在某些特定的场合，do so, do that,甚至do it, 表示的意义也是不一样的。试比较：

Bob’s getting his house painted, and moreover, he wants me to do so.(He wants me to get my

house painted.)

—Bob’s getting his house painted!

—And I’d like to do that, too.(I want to get my house painted, too.)

Bob’s getting his house painted, and morevoer, he wants me to do it.(He wants me to paint his house.)