[求助]今天遇到的几个问题——OG-9;

OG11-9

Sunspots,vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never

been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator.

C. appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at

D. appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at

答案就是A即原句

OG在点评CD时说："although" typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here thereis no subject of the clause and

"sighted" and "having been sighted" is not a complete verb/verb phrase.

但是白勇上说状从可以有省略：表示时间/条件/转折的连词(when/while/if/unless/although/even/though/even if) + 形容词短语/-ing分词短语/-ed分词短语(逻辑主语等于句子主语)

那么这里的although...为什么错了呢

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BY-2-13

In 1973 mortagage payments represented twenty-one percent of an average thirty-year-old male's income; and forty-four percent in 1984.

B. income; in 1984 the figure was forty-four percent

C. income, and in 1984 forty-four percent

答案是B

解释C时说是reprensent是实义动词，不可以省略。但是在OG11-81中就省略了实义动词sell而保留了助动词。

还是在省略除了become之外的实义动词时一定要加个助动词呢？

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BY-6-34

Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, state health officials have ordered the levels of bacteia in seawater at popular beaches to be measured and that the results be published.

E. that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results

正确即E，但是我想问的是不是宾语从句并列时that不可以省略么，为什么这道题就把the results前面的that省略了呢

欢迎战友们指教，这厢先谢过了：）

OG11-9

Sunspots,vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never

been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator.

C. appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at

D. appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at

答案就是A即原句

OG
在点评CD时说："although" typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has
a subject and a verb, but here thereis no subject of the clause and

"sighted" and "having been sighted" is not a complete verb/verb phrase.

但是白勇上说状从可以有省略：表示时间/条件/转折的连词(when/while/if/unless/although/even/though/even if) + 形容词短语/-ing分词短语/-ed分词短语(逻辑主语等于句子主语)

那么这里的although...为什么错了呢

查了大全，感觉although引导的省略形式，都是有逗号隔开的。C 中如果 although 前有逗号，语法上应该是对的。

D 的错误在于省略形式上出错了，要省略主语和助动词都省，要不省就都保留。

这个题还有一个更重要的原因是，原句用 but 连接的是两个主句，如果改为 although 变为的从句。

连接主句的连词只有7个，fanboys, 即 for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so.

另外下次请MM每个题开个帖子，都看晕了。也方便大家讨论。

BY-2-13

In 1973 mortagage payments represented twenty-one percent of an average thirty-year-old male's income; and forty-four percent in 1984.

B. income; in 1984 the figure was forty-four percent

C. income, and in 1984 forty-four percent

答案是B

解释C时说是reprensent是实义动词，不可以省略。但是在OG11-81中就省略了实义动词sell而保留了助动词。

还是在省略除了become之外的实义动词时一定要加个助动词呢？

原句中In 1973 是作全句的状语，

C 中 不补出动词 in 1984 成分不明更像是作定语修饰 forty-four percent。另外比较对象模糊。

Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, state health officials have ordered the levels of bacteia in seawater at popular beaches to be measured and that the results be published.

E. that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results

正确即E，但是我想问的是不是宾语从句并列时that不可以省略么，为什么这道题就把the results前面的that省略了呢

and 前 be measured 为谓语成分，and 后 the results 名词，所以 and 连接的对等成分只能是 level，并列成分无歧义，如果成分过长不易区分和谁并列的时候，补出 that 明确并列对象。

OG11-9这一题很有意思，前几天刚看到一本语法书《the McGraw-Hill Handbook of English Grammar and Usage》里面对于从属连词引导的状语从句有这么一个说法：

通常情况下，副词性从句前不使用逗号，但是有三个引导让步状语从句的从属连词although, though, even though例外，这三个词开头的从句往往要与独立分句用逗号分开，因为逗号的使用可能反映了这样一个事实：即跟在这些连词后面的从句与我们所期待的独立分句的意义相反。

所以我认为OG11-9对于C选项的explanation是有问题的.我印象里也没有见过although引导的状从跟独立分句是没有逗号隔开的正确的句子。

谢谢解答，基本都明白啦

不过还有一点，就是关于实义动词及be动词省略的问题，

1.前者有什么特别的总结性结论么？

2.后者是否必须前后两句主语相同才可以省略？在BY上有一道题：

Once the economic and social usefulness of the motor car was demonstrated and with its superiority to the horse being proved,much of the early hostility to it in rural regions disappeared.

A) and with its superiority to the horse being
B) and its superiority over the horse had been
C) and its superiority to the horse
D) its superiority over the horse
E) with its superiority to the horse having been

答案给的是B，但我感觉B的时态有问题，而C正好是省略了was的剩余部分。此题我另开过贴，一个mm解释说是因为主语不同，但是我没找到其它渠道证实，请你帮我再看一下吧，十分感谢！：）

谢谢斑竹

这条很受用，收了哈

To margaretzxy

Once the economic and social usefulness of the motor car was demonstrated and with its superiority to the horse being proved,much of the early hostility to it in rural regions disappeared.

A) and with its superiority to the horse being
B) and its superiority over the horse had been
C) and its superiority to the horse
D) its superiority over the horse
E) with its superiority to the horse having been

不过还有一点，就是关于实义动词及be动词省略的问题，

1.前者有什么特别的总结性结论么？

可以解释下为什么是run-on sentence么？

如果要求主语一致，那这道题就不该省略was了，因为两个句子主语分别是usefulness和superiority呀。

不知道是不是我哪里理解的有问题，请指教！

P.S. BY是白勇：）

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=358816&page=2

run-on