prep的几道难题

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, 

       makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

B. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, 

    makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

C. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, 

  especially if it has worked well in the past.

D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, 

makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.

E. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, 

is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

222.
        (31727-!-item-!-188;#058&006584)
        (GWD-12-Q14)

In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice 

the numbers of trucks alone came off the assembly lines.

A. the numbers of trucks alone

B. that number of trucks alone

C. the number of trucks by themselves

D. as many trucks themselves

E. as many trucks by themselves

With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon 

Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.

A. Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with

B. Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its

C. Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has

D. Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its

E. Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have

红色标记的为正确答案，希望大家帮我解答一下 过几天就要考了=（

C. Objects of miss and misinterpret are ambiguous. An improved version could be: miss signs of ... or misinterpret them when they do appear. Especially if it ... is too remote to modify the course of action.

E: A gerund phrase being committed ...  is correctly used as the subject of the main clause. Especially one (that can be omitted, see OG10-9) ... clearly modifies course of action. Miss signs or misinterpret them makes good parallelism. Pronouns them and they refer clearly to signs.

that + n. is usually used to refer to a noun mentioned in the sentence; trucks alone is more idiomatic 

反复挣扎后选了B,发现和答案一致：我的思路是先排除DE，因为没有主句；然后根据consider as排除D；然后分析and with 。。。 /  its 。。。可能充当的成分，用 its water thought to be frozen from top to bottom 构成独立主格结构，表结果或者伴随

看不懂啊 第一个还是不明白 一头雾水 =000

动名词做主语。例如seeing / smoking在下面句子中的用法：Seeing is believing. Smoking is likely to cause lung cancer. 

Being heavily committed to a course of action 是被动形式的动名词结构；one that ...，是修饰a course of action, 可以不管；is 做谓语；to make 做表语；make带宾语an executive和两个不带 to的不定是 miss or misinterpret 做宾语补足语；其中miss 和misinterpret是选择关系，就象destroyed or heavily damaged那样，两个动作不会同时发生，要么miss signs，如果没有miss signs，那么就可能misinterpret那些signs，也就是misinterpret them when they do appear；them/they指代signs。

C前半段语法上还行，但将an executive变为句子中心了，与原文将某种行为/做法作为中心不同；更严重的是后面：miss or misinterpret signs单看还行，但是后面when they do appear修饰signs之后，就不会被miss了，所以逻辑上有矛盾；只有miss signs or misinterpret them when they do appear才能解决这个矛盾；虽然后一种表达用词较多，但是每个词serves its purpose；第三个问题是 especially if it ... 修饰对象相当不清楚。

An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.

Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.