18. To maintain a high demand for their product, the manufacturers first took over the marketing and sales functions previously performed by outside agents; next, they began changing their advertising campaigns monthly to keep pace with the rapid changes in consumers’ lives. (A) they began changing (B) this began changing (C) the former began changing (D) to begin changing (E) to change
答案A。
我想问: C错在哪儿? 虽然C念起来觉得别扭,但其the former 的使用是否比they更清晰呢?
The simultaneous progress of cathedral building and, for instance, vineyard expansion in Bordeaux illustrates the very real competition for available capital between the Church and commercial interests; the former produced inestimable moral and artistic riches, but the latter had a stronger immediate impact upon gross national product.
Perhaps one reason for this is that molecular biologists and morphologists speak different languages. Whereas the former speak about messenger-RNA and conformational changes of protein molecules, the latter speak of ectoderms, hypoblasts, and neural crests.
20. The “dramatic gains for women” (line 5) and the attitude, as described in lines 11-12, of a “significant portion of the larger society” are logically related to each other inasmuch as the author puts forward the latter as (A) a public response to achievement of the former (B) the major reason for absence of the former (C) a precondition for any prospect of achieving the former (D) a catalyst for a further extension of the former (E) a reason for some of the former being lost again
26. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure of liquid metals and the structure of glassy metals, as it is presented in the passage? (A) The latter is an illustrative example of the former. (B) The latter is a large-scale version of the former. (C) The former is a structural elaboration of the latter. (D) The former provides an instructive contrast to the latter. (E) The former is a fair approximation of the latter.
Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industry’s workers from the 1880’s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched.
The word democracy may stand for a natural social equality in the body politic or for a constitutional form of government in which power lies more or less directly in the people’s hand. The former may be called social democracy and the later democratic government.
Medievalists usually distinguish medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions.