求助OG6，15题！

6. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's trying to metabolize, or render harmless. the chemical that is irritating it.

(A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it

(B) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the . chemical irritant

(C) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless, such a chemical irritant

(D) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harm­less, the chemical irritating it

(E) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant

Although an "-ing" verb such as trying can sometimes be used as a noun, the phrase the organism's trying to metabolize in A is unidiomatic because trying is used as the object of organism's. In B, trying that it metabolize is ungrammatical. The noun attempt could follow organism's; also, it would parallel the noun enzymes, and parallelism is needed here because the sentence uses the linking verb are to equate enzymes and attempt. In C and D, however, attempt to try is redundant. Choice E, which says attempt to metabolize, is best. The phrase the chemical irritant is also the most concise and precise conclusion for the sentence because it clearly refers to the dioxin mentioned earlier.

这里为什么说trying不能做宾语？ing形式应该能做宾语的吧？

15. In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director of the Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes mood swings. which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis.

(A) mood swings, which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis

(B) mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis ,

(C)between mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis

(D) between mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis

(E)  genuine manic-depressive psychosis and mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease

The best choice is C because it uses the idiomatically correct expression distinguishes between x and y and because it provides a structure in which the relative clause beginning which may be violent clearly modifies mood swings. The other choices use distinguishes in unidiomatic constructions. Additionally, their in A is intrusive and unnecessary, and the modifier of mood swings in B and D (perhaps violent) is awkward and less clear than the more developed clause which may be violent.

Dr. Frosh在他的研究報告中，將(mood swing)情緒過度變化的病人和(genuine manic...)真正有躁鬱症的病人做了一個區分.

without 考三个用法：

1。考简洁： without +n  优先于 从句，因为简洁。

     xdf补充教材，152T：WITHOUT PROVOKING  比 AND  NOT  ROVOKE  好！！

2。without 后面直接加sth/doing ，不插入别的东西，比如：without  money 对！without  any  money 错！

   同理，此题应该是without  being  grounded, “their" 的插入是错的！

  xdf补充教材144 ，A，B 选项, without  any  permission  错！！

                                  选项c中，without  permission 对！

3。考强烈语气表达方式，--------原文往往未使用without， 而正确选项中 因为原文的意思需要加强，用without来加强！

  xdf 补充教材199，B选项正确，without  it  their  grip  on  Algeria  would  never  be  scure  .

6. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's trying to metabolize, or render harmless. the chemical that is irritating it.

(A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it

(B) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the . chemical irritant

(C) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless, such a chemical irritant

(D) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harm­less, the chemical irritating it

(E) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant

Although an "-ing" verb such as trying can sometimes be used as a noun, the phrase the organism's trying to metabolize in A is unidiomatic because trying is used as the object of organism's.

这里的organism's trying to....（短语）之所以错，大概是因为可以被理解为organism is trying to...（句子），产生歧义。

-ing跟抽象名词的最大区别在于-ing强调动作本身, 而抽象名词强调动作的整体及结果.

这句句子里因为前面的enzymes决定了平行要求下后面organism的宾语是一个抽象名词, 而不是动作.