我在做题的过程中发现分词这个东东实在是让人困惑~~本人语法果然退化惊人！分词到底是修饰主语还是就近修饰？在选项中会不会引起歧义？

GWD-1-Q8:

The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.

1. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is

2. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and

3. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being

4. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is

5. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is [A]*

这里的分词有修饰歧义吧~

1. what they now commonly call

2. a plant that they now commonly call

3. now commonly called

4. and is mow commonly called
5. which it is now commonly called   

这里怎么又没有修饰歧义的问题了呢？

这两句都没有歧义啊.

分词当然是就近修饰，除非碰到倒装了，为避免头重脚轻被作者仍然远处去了

第一句的growing前面有个逗号，不是做后置修饰就近的 whale了

在GWD-1-8这道题的讨论帖里有前人给出的解释~看得我很困惑的哇~~~http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&id=328270&star=1#3536953

如果不是分词的问题，那么这道题C选项是为什么错呢？

还有一道题

GWD-3-Q3:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

1. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

2. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

3. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

4. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

5. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of [D]

这里including却不是就近修饰？

还请haha666解答一下

这里的including和上面的growing都不可能是就近修饰，因为都被逗号隔开了，只能修饰主句主句或者作为整个前半句的伴随

注意，你的第一个例子：GWD-1-Q8:按照逻辑意思后面应该是修饰前面的whale，但是C，growing的形式不可能去修饰whale，所以C被排除了，而不是growing有修饰歧义被排除，而是它修饰错误

唔~~~~茅塞顿开了！！谢谢哦！