定语从句THAT的省略 OG 34

34. A report by the American Academy for the Advance­ment of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Ameri­cans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.

(A)  much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes

(B)  much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come

(C)  much of the dioxins that are currently uncon­trolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes

(D)  many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come

(E)   many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

Choices A, B, and C are flawed because the countable noun dioxins should be modified by many rather than much, which is used with uncountable nouns such as "work" and "happi­ness." In addition, both A and C incorrectly use the singular verb comes with the plural noun dioxins. Choices C and D are needlessly wordy, and D requires that before North Americans, to be grammatically complete. Choice E, the best answer, is both grammatically correct and concise.

答案说D应该加个THAT,但是不是说如果名词做后面句子的宾语,THAT就可以省吗?这里DOXIN做EXPOSE TO 的宾语,但是为什么不能省呢?

我的理解是这里是不是要保持一个平衡结构?

many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and （that）North Americans are exposed to come

请大家指点

楼上可能理解有误。has concluded that 
                many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to come

定语从句并列的话连接词that不能省略

(D) many of the dioxins that are （currently uncontrolled and North Americans） are exposed to
                come

有这样的歧义产生

我不是很同意说north americans前加that是因为平行，应该说是为了说明North Americans are exposed to THAT(DIOXINS)，作为限定来理解的。

同时因为前面一部分that are currently uncontrolled本来就是wordy的用法，如果把它还原的话应该变成uncontrolled dioxins

(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to
                come

that这里是宾语从句引导词，不能省。D把原划线的过分作定语改成丁语从句本来就wordy，和原来定语从句的内容又用and并列起来，改变了原句逻辑结构。

并列要求平行，that+定从 and that+定从

我看了楼上的回复后去查了一下OG 11 69题的解释

D     That are is wordy and awkward, and if this construction were to be used, to maintain the parallel, that would have to be repeated in the clause that North Americans are exposed to

之前我说的平行错了。应该是，在前面 many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled 错误语境不变的情况下，做定从修饰 the dioxins，并且保持了和 that are currently uncontrolled 平行。

怎么说呢，你这么解释也可以。结构改变了，重心相对也会有些改变。

但我觉得d的问题是mutiple modifiers混乱。1。远句用过去分词短语做定语，挺好，D该成定从，多此一举，wordy。2，原句两个修饰成分（对dioxins）逻辑上根本没有并列，D改成并列.