Prep1-61

61.  (27809-!-item-!-188;#058&003354)

The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered in Madagascar.

(A) The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered in Madagascar.

(B) The bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and with a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs, has been discovered in Madagascar.

(C) In Madagascar, the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, distantly related to Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembled South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered.

(D) A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex, bearing a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs is Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur, the bones of which have been discovered in Madagascar.（A）

(E) A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembling South American predatory dinosaurs, the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, have been discovered in Madagascar.

OA:A

我想问两个问题：

1、A中的同位语从句用了一般现在时，可是dinosaur是已经灭绝的物种，似乎应该用过去时吧。记得OG11上有道题也是讲灭绝的动物在它们存在的时代的事情，选项强调用过去时而不能用一般现在时。请问大家面对这种灭绝物种生前事情的题，怎么取舍时态，有什么规则？

1、A中的同位语从句用了一般现在时，可是dinosaur是已经灭绝的物种，似乎应该用过去时吧。记得OG11上有道题也是讲灭绝的动物在它们存在的时代的事情，选项强调用过去时而不能用一般现在时。请问大家面对这种灭绝物种生前事情的题，怎么取舍时态，有什么规则？

2、C中结构为“名词1 of 名词2，名词2的同位语，定语”的结构，意在用“定语”修饰“名词2的同位语”，这样的结构本身是否会造成：“名词2的同位语”是一个插入语，而“定语”跳过插入语去修饰“名词1”的歧义？

请各位帮忙解答，谢谢。

谢版主回复。

1、现在暂时没找到。但是对此题我的脑中有印象，我再继续找。

2、本题C中，“the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, distantly related to Tyrannosaurus rex ”distantly related是majungatholus atopus的非限定定语而不是限定定语吧。这个能不能接受呢？会不会语法上修饰到bones去？

up

所以版主认为Majungatholus atopus是一个插入语，完全不影响句子的结构。

这样解释说得通。

我做此题时搞混了一个知识点：逗号隔开的状语/分词结构连用，会造成多重修饰对象的歧异。

例：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=27383&replyID

看来同位语，特别是插入语式的同位语不会产生此歧异。

谢谢版主！

又有新问题，其实也算是上面第2个问题的深化，还请大家继续帮助：

新问题是:C中，“the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, distantly related to Tyrannosaurus rex ”，是不是有两种可能的读法：

1、名词X（＝dinosaur），X的同位语Y（＝Majungatholus atopus），X的限制性定语（distantly...）

2、名词X（＝dinosaur），X的同位语Y（＝Majungatholus atopus），Y的非限制性定语（distantly...）

如果两种读法都成立的话，那就说明C这种句子结构本身是有语法歧义的（虽然本题中X＝同位语Y，不会造成逻辑歧义，但是并非所有的名词就等于同位语）

如果将“同位语Majungatholus atopus”作为插入语看待，并且认定插入语不能与逗号后的内容发生关系————那第2种读法自然就不成立（只有第1种读法成立：related...跳过插入语修饰dinosaur）。

但是刚看了另一道题prep1－74的讨论，得出的结论是：插入语可能与逗号后的内容产生语法关系，也就是第2种读法是可能成立的：

Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.

(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are

(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are

(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but

(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are

(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are

大家一致认为prep1－74的插入语成分favored...reproduction or survival可以被逗号后的内容所平行或修饰。

Manhattan GMAT上的贴：http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=1413&hilit=Paleontologist+Stephen+Jay+Gould+has+argued+that+many+biological

CD上的贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=341248&replyID

所以prep1－61这道题的C选项的第2种读法到底成不成立？这种结构产不产生语法歧义呢？请大家解答，谢谢。