请教PREP2 83

83.
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The number of plant and animal species that humans are known to have forced to extinction in the last half millennium is over 800.

(A) humans are known to have forced to extinction

(B) humans are known as having forced to become extinct

(C) humans are known for forcing to become extinct

(D) are known that humans forced to become extinct

(E) are known as having been forced to extinction by humans

正确答案是A，我想问一下A中的have fored to extinction结构为什么用现在完成时态啊，句子中没有明显的时间标志啊？谢谢大家。

in the last half millennium

in...years

都可以用现在完成时态的

这里的逻辑意思也要求用