GWD 3-3, 关于ing与which

GWD 3-3

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

1. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
2. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
3. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
4. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
   
               
5. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

D。其实知道include应该用复数形式，而且三个分词需要照应，只是想问一下关于ing和which做修饰的时候的区别，including只能做定语吧，可是离修饰词太远了，难道没有歧义修饰decline或者shark population吗？

谢谢

这边including作伴随状语

而which的话，一般是修饰逗号前面的名词，如题，which修饰的是the shark population

thanks

但是由which引导的定语从句也可以修饰整个句子，而且也有可能修饰remedies啊，当然也可以修饰population.是需要逻辑判断究竟which 修饰的是哪个么