gwd12-20 gwd11-10

如果这两个题的答案是 A和C的话，那都是在进行跳跃修饰，不知道在什么情况下可以跳跃修饰什么情况下不可以？ 一般我做题原则就是就近，如果第二个可以用到状句结构来解释，第一个如何解释呢？从意思上解释？可是大全里能从意思上解释跳跃的多了，但正确答案全都是就近原则，如果能从意思上解释，那很多错误答案都是正确的了，请NN指点！

Q20:

Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

A.      Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

B.       The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

C.      The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established

D.      Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

E.       Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing

Q10:

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

A.      Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

B.       Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

C.      Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

D.      Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

E.  Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

that 定语从句的远程指代是要根据其逻辑意义的。

Q20. the act of congress 是 A of B 结构，A 是中心词，that 从句修饰 A.

Q10. Marconi conceived of the radio that could substitute ...

         其他的tool, conversation 不能substitute for the telephone.

85.   Out of America’s fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

(A) things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

(B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing

(C) things that are antiques has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

(D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing（B）

(E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

Choice B is best. In A and D, have grown does not agree with the singular noun market. In addition, all of the choices except B use plural verbs after that, thus illogically stating either that bygone styles of furniture and fixtures, or fixtures alone, are reviving the particular pieces mentioned; it is instead the market for those styles that is bringing back such pieces, as B states. Furthermore, choices C and E, by using the verb form bring, fail to convey the ongoing nature of the revival properly described by the progressive verb is bringing.

谢谢，但还是有疑问，你举的例子是因为有is,从而避免了指代歧义。但是如果按照逻辑意思来判断指代的对象，那OG里很多的错误选项就都成了正确的了 比如

164. The commission proposed that funding for the park’s development, which could be open to the public early next year, is obtained through a local bond issue.

(A) that funding for the park’s development, which could be open to the public early next year, is

(B) that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be（B）

(C) funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be

(D) funds for the park’s development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be

(E) development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be

Choice B is best. Choice A attaches the relative clause which could be open... to the noun development, when, in fact, it is the park that could be open. Choice C omits that, the object of proposed that is needed to introduce the clause describing the proposal. C also uses to be unidiomatically where be is correct: the commission proposed [that] funding... to be obtained is wrong. Choice D incorrectly uses perhaps open to the public... to modify development; the phrase should modify park.

如果按照逻辑意思判断指代对象，那A也不存在错误了。这样的错误太多了，都按照逻辑意思判断，那也不存在定语从句修饰的问题了。 晕了

1. which 引导非限制定语从句，不同于that 。which 不能够跳跃修饰的。所以 164 讲 Choice A attaches the relative clause which could be open... to the noun development

2. 但是，根据逻辑意义，which 的指代是错误的 in fact, it is the park that could be open

3. OG 85, that 从句前面有好几个名词，但从逻辑意义上讲， that 还是指代 market.

另外例子：

196. It is possible that Native Americans originally have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

(A) have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed

(B) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that existed once

(C) migrated over a bridge of land to the Western Hemisphere that once existed

(D) migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed（D）

(E) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land existing once

Although choice C manages the correct tense, it misplaces the sentence elements so as to suggest that the Western Hemisphere once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

如果that 就近修饰 Western Hemisphere 逻辑意义不对吧.

225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population, and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.

(A) that still has a sizable wolf population, and where

(B) that still has a sizable wolf population, where

(C) that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where

(D) where the population of wolves is still sizable;（E）

(E) where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where

In choices A and C, the construction that still has..., and where modifies Minnesota with clauses that are not grammatically parallel. In choice B, the omission of and illogically makes the where... clause modify wolf population rather than Minnesota—that is, choice B says in effect that the wolf population is where the wolf remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep. Choice D is grammatically constructed, but it lacks a conjunction that establishes a logical relation between the clauses; since Minnesota as a grammatical subject is separated from the clause following the semicolon, the statement there need not even pertain to Minnesota. In E, the best choice, the parallel construction of where... and where... allows both clauses to modify Minnesota.

这里， OG并没有说Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ的 that has 错，说明 that 从句是修饰 Minnesota 的，不是 states 的。

不知有没有帮助，继续讨论。

I found the following link might be helpful to expound the question.

代词的指代与定语从句的指代有相近之处。

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&id=43552&star=1#368835

参阅第5楼

非常感谢。 不过不是因为我较真，还是不太明白。

196. It is possible that Native Americans originally have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

(A) have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed

(B) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that existed once

(C) migrated over a bridge of land to the Western Hemisphere that once existed

(D) migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed（D）

(E) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land existing once

Although choice C manages the correct tense, it misplaces the sentence elements so as to suggest that the Western Hemisphere once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

如果that 就近修饰 Western Hemisphere 逻辑意义不对吧.

我的意思是这样——我并不是说就近修饰就一定对，我的意思是“是根据就近原则判断对错还是根据逻辑原则判断对错。比如你举的这个例子，正因因为用就近原则来判断，才能得出你的结论如果that 就近修饰 Western Hemisphere 逻辑意义不对吧.  

而如果根据逻辑原则判断，因为that修饰W H 不符合逻辑意思，所以虽然它在WH后，但可以说它不修饰WH，而修饰land，也就是说（C) migrated over a bridge of land to the Western Hemisphere that once existed 这个选项没有that修饰WH 的歧义——因为不符合逻辑意思嘛

另外这个例子还是不能说明问题，它还是根据单复数来辨别的

我说一个例子This is the national park of the contry that was opened last year.这个例子在没有单复数区别的情况下，是否有歧义呢？如果根据就近，有    根据逻辑意思，没有       请指教遇到这种选项是应该把它做为正确选项还是错误的

欧认为是根据逻辑意义来确定修饰对象。但有时候非常迷惑。如 大全 885 section A, question 5.

With its abundance of noun inflections, Icelandic is one of several Germanic languages that is compact when written but can lengthen considerably when translated into English.

(A) is compact when written but can lengthen considerably when translated into English

(B) are compact when they are written, but they can lengthen considerably when they are translated in English

(C) is compact when written but can lengthen considerably when being translated into English

(D) are compact when written but can lengthen considerably in English translation（D）

(E) is compact when it is written but can lengthen considerably when translated in English

请 继续讨论。

关于A of B+定语从句的修饰问题，偶是这样判断的：

一般原则：定语从句修饰中心名词。

1. 当可以从定语从句的谓语单复数来判断修饰对象时，这种题目只要用主谓一致原则就可以确认修饰对象了。

2. 当不可以从定语从句的谓语单复数来判断修饰对象时，则先确认中心名词，判断中心词的原则就是哪个名词前有限定词，特别是限定性定语从句的修饰对象前一定有限定词。但是一些固定搭配例外，最常考的是a number of，它的中心词是of 后面所带的名词。

3. 名词后面的长、宽、高或called分词短语不影响定语从句修饰长、宽、高前面的名词或者called分词短语前面的名词；定语从句跳跃修饰前面的核心名词。

这是偶现在想到的，欢迎大家用题目验证上述判断方法。

(A) relations between nations that illustrates

(B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates

(C) relations between nations that illustrate

(D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate   (B)

(E) relations of nations that illustrates

这里 that ... 是修饰 relation 的。引用 LES 所述原则1可得出。