到底是独立主格，还是-ing呢？

大家请看og10的38和39题啊

38. Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.

(A)            Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there

(B)             Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings

(C)            Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity

(D)            sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent
                with the growth of industrial activity in the
                area

(E)             sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the
                growth of industrial activity there

in E it is not clear what consistent describes.

(A)            a method to protect

(B)            as a method protecting

(C)            protecting

(D)            as a protection of

(E)            to protect

OG的解释是说a method 指代shields单复数有问题，那么是不是用methods就可以了呢

因为og很多的时候都是说补出概括性名词表达更清楚，有时候是正确答案的标志。

到底是什么时候选独立主格什么时候选-ing呢？？

窃以为:

ving应该是要能在前面句子中有清晰的逻辑主语吧

如果修饰对象不清楚时候,就需要补出那个高度概括的词语,后面接修饰成分

1. 这里不是独立主格，是同位语

2. 39题method的错误窃以为单复数并不是关键。关键是前面那句话说的是个items，根本上不能用method来概括。OG讲得很清楚，method应该是用来概括the use of such items. 而且OG还点出了method of和method to的区别，这个是要细细去体会的。

3. 不存在什么时候用这种同位语什么时候用分词结构的问题，关键是题目给出的选项有没有错误

原来是这样啊。嗯～～

多谢啦～～～

我觉得就是是独立主格，作的是同位语成分

名词+形容词类型的独立主格

1.which 就近指代错误，出现新n为正确。这里主要就是考指代。

2.前面的句子不是method，只有the use of shields才能说明是种方式，显然题目没这层意思。这也是指代错误，所以要用伴随ing来说明shields