A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
(A) flames spreading
(B) flames spreads
(C) flames are caused to spread
(D) causing flames to spread
(E) causing spreading of the flames
答案是D。
为什么A不可以, flames spreading 当名词, 相当于making ignition much easier and (making)flames spreading more quickly. 前面省略了making.