求教经典问题Which vs. With: 比较OG-113与 OG-119

xdffans · 发表于 2006-12-27 11:58:00

113. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging（D）

(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

答案是D, 选with....

119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business（B）

(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

答案是B, 选which...

我选C-with...错了！

请问为什么113题应选with，119题为什么不选with? 跟which不是就近修饰the effects 或 abuse吗？？

NN请帮忙解惑。谢谢！

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-12-27 12:01:48编辑过]

magico · 发表于 2006-12-27 13:35:00

不是NN，以下是我的理解

og113，是平行结构的问题，

use have ... saw where have ... seen is required ，所以排除A/B/C，此外E的完成时态用的不好，D当中with的短语表示一种状态，符合题意。

og119，这题是定语从句的问题，

Choice B, the best answer, uses clear and concise phrasing to state that it is the effects of drug and alcohol abuse that already cost business the sum mentioned.

In C, already with business costs of... is awkward and unclear, failing to specify that those prior effects generate the cost.我认为OG的解释很清楚。

There is small meaning difference between A and B:

A) the effects of ....abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year. ----> 1.(the effects) cost is part of a business which is worth more than $100billion a year. ----> 2. (the effects) cost of more than $100 billion a year to business (means it's additional cost to business).

B) the effects of .... abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year. ----> (the effects) cost has already more than $100 billion a year

我觉得这两题的问题不在于with 和which，而是在于句子逻辑的理解。

xdffans · 发表于 2006-12-29 13:41:00

非常清楚！感谢。

bloveecho · 发表于 2006-12-29 15:03:00

2楼GG解释的真精辟，尤其那个A与B的区别

在想如果从with和which的角度去看：

在113中with是表伴随状态的独立主格结构修饰 monkeys sleeping on the branches或者更精确的说是在修饰sleeping,而whose等关系代词无法指代一个句子，只能修饰某个名词或代词，绝不可以修饰一个动作．所以在１１３中用定语从句表达不出伴随的含义．

而１１９中，which引导的非限定性定从是在对effects of ...作一个补充的说明，用with则强调不出对effect的这种补充解释，只能表示伴随或原因，但从逻辑上显然都说不通

求教经典问题Which vs. With: 比较OG-113与 OG-119

求教经典问题Which vs. With: 比较OG-113与 OG-119

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