请教几道SC,感觉跟XDF老师的讲解有出入（关于that, which 代词指代）

我刚上完新东方培训班，现在在做GWD13套，发现一些正确选项有老师上课讲的典型错误，非常不解，请大家指教。

我记得that,which 做为定语从句的先行词只能指代与之最靠近的名词，通常形式为 n+that, n,+which,可是有几道GWD得题，其正确选项违背了这项规律，先列举如下：

No,112 GWD11-10:  

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

A.       Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

B.       Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

E.       Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

正确答案是C,可是这个that 显然不是修饰conversation的

N0.129 GWD12-31:   

Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.

A.       Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering

B.       Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

C.       Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886and outnumbering

D.       Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering

E.       Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber  

正确答案是E,可是这个which 也不是修饰dickinson的

No.133 GWD13-1:

Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.

A.       later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was

B.       later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were

C.       later in the Untied States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationally recognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

D.       then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationally recognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being

E.       then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

正确选项为B，可是which 也不是修饰Richard Nixon.

牛牛们帮我解答解答，是我的规律错了，还是其他的原因。谢谢：）

宝宝的朋友对吧？我来回答你的问题吧：

首先，that和which肯定优先指代最近的名词，但并不表示不可以跳跃修饰，尤其是that；关键看有无歧义。

给出一些例子：

1）如例2,3，单复数限定修饰对象，GMAT最常用，which were显然不能修饰impeachment，往前找，只能修饰hearings。

2) 如例2，语义逻辑限定，letters to Dickens，were written 显然修饰letters而不是人，当然单复数也限定了这种修饰。

3）相对于which，that引导的限定性定语从句灵活性更大一点。跳跃修饰，只要不引起歧义，都是可以接受的。

那在that从句和被修饰名词之间插入了什么呢？大多是介词短语或插入语，本身由于某种特殊原因不作为独立结构或只作限定用。例1中conceive of sth. as sth. that，试想，如果把that cl.插入到as 前，一个固定结构就会显得那么的awkward。

哇，谢谢大牛同学，