OG-10 40,41题,请帮忙看一下

40. In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the bond­ing, is effected continuously over a broad surface instead of a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between.
                    

(A)
                    instead of
                    

(B)
                    as opposed to
                    

(C)
                    in contrast with
                    

(D)
                        rather than at

(E)
                    as against being at
                

The corrected sentence must contrast an effect of spot-welding with an effect of adhesive-bonding. To do so logically and grammatically, it must describe the effects in parallel terms. When inserted into the sentence, D produces the parallel construction over a broad surface rather than at a series. Having no word such as over or at indicate location, choices A, B, and C fail to complete the parallel and so illogically draw a contrast between surface and series. In E, as against being is a wordy and unidiomatic way to establish the intended contrast. Choice D is best.
        

为何说 choices A, B,draw a contrast between surface and series, a series of只是个固定用法,表示"一 系列的"修饰points而且a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between的中心词是points我觉得A, B,draw a contrast between surface and points .

请NN们帮忙解释一下

41. Under a provision of the Constitution that was never applied. Congress has been required to call a conven­tion for considering possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do it by the legisla­tures of two-thirds of the states.
    

(A) was never applied, Congress has been required to call a convention for considering possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do it

(B) was never applied, there has been a requirement that Congress call a convention for consider­ation of possible amendments to the document when asked to do it formally

(C) was never applied, whereby Congress is required to call a convention for considering possible amendments to the document when asked to do it formally

(D) has never been applied, whereby Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do so

(E) has never been applied. Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amend­ments to the document when formally asked to do so

看了讨论没结果,我想问一下,"when formally asked to do....."
            

40,你之所以看成是surface和points 是因为你认为两者都可以用over修饰，实际上是over surface 和 at points.

41,不明白你的意思，为什么要用before?，我想你是没有完全理解题意。when是引导时间状语从句，"当...时候"的意思；the legislatures of two-thirds of the states,我的理解是2/3的州议会。