我在一篇英语文章中找到有关独立主格和with用法的讨论：

(1)   a. With the negotiators still poles apart on so many issues, it’s hard to

see how these talks will ever end.

b. With expectations flying high, the Bulls have to win the champion-

ship this time.

c. With the media all ears, Clinton was very careful about what he

said.

d. With peace talks old hat, it’s hard to get a sense of hopefulness in

the Middle East these days.

 (2)
            a. The negotiators still poles apart on so many issues, it’s hard to see

how these talks will ever end.

b. Expectations flying high, the Bulls have to win the championship

this time.

c.?The media all ears, Clinton was very careful about what he said.

d.*Peace talks old hat, it’s hard to get a sense of hopefulness in the

Middle East these days.

作者认为，（1）和（2）中的前两句是完全interchangeable的，但是第三句和第四句就有点问题。（*和？是原文中加的，表示存疑）

这让我想起两道GWD题：

GWD26-Q37

Sound can travel through water for enormous distances,

prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of

boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different

temperatures and densities.

A.       prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a

result of

B.  prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated by

C.  its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by

D.  its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as

a result of

E   preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by

GWD-18-Q41

At the turn of the twentieth century, forest covering as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodating as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them domesticated and performing various essential tasks.

1. covering as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodating as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them

2. covering as much as 90 percent of Thailand accommodated as much as 300,000 elephants, and a third of them were

3. covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodated as much as 300,000 elephants, with a third

4. covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodated as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them

5. covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodating as many as 300,000 elephants, with a third of them

这两题讨论多次，我选的答案是C，D。但是，我觉得“大象”这道题，C也是独立主格结构，唯一的缺点是a third后面没加of them, 指代不明。（加了of them后，因为them指代距离它最近的复数名词，所以就没有歧异了。）

我不知道这样理解对不对，欢迎大家讨论。谢谢！   

上贴所引用的原文：

doors.stanford.edu/wccfl-published.pdf