OG11黄皮书-9题/15题：关于although/but。请教：）

(A)  are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on

(B)   are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun

(C)  appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at

(D)  appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at

(E)   appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface, which have never been sighted on

Logical predication + Parallelism

The correct parallel structure in the original sentence emphasizes the contrast between where sunspots are found (are visible ... Sun) and where they are not (have never been sighted ... equator). Sunspots is the subject of the sentence, are is the verb of the first part of the contrast and have been sighted is the verb of the second. (The adjective visible is a complement and is parallel to the past participle sighted.) Both parts of the sentence conclude with phrases indicating location. The contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.

A     Correct. This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not.

B     Changing the modifying clause so that that never ... Sun distorts the meaning of the sentence; the contrast is lost

C     Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb

D     Although usually introduces a subordinate clause, but there is no subject of the clause and having been sighted is not a complete verb phrase

E     The relative pronoun which should immediately follow its referent; here which illogically follows surface, and its intended referent, either sunspots or dark spots, becomes unclear

The correct answer is A.

请教：1）这里为什么用as，不是应该用like表示像...么？2）OG解释说C、D错在用了although所以要用完整的句子，but不也是连词么？谢谢：）

恩，楼上说得很有道理啊。“如果主語在主句還有but的從句，主語在but的從句可以omit.如果是although/while/even though的結構，從句的主語及be可以omit; 但是although從句的主語不是跟be(e.g. is/are/was/were/etc)的話，不可omit.”我怎么以前从来不知道呢？这些是哪里知道的：）

不过，对于as，我本来想请教的是：在比较结构中，不是要用like+n么？赫赫。不过现在好像搞清楚了：这里不是比较结构，这里as作为介词表示“如同、好像”，字典里面的例子“dressed as a policeman ”。如果是比较结构，应该是如下两个例子（摘自白勇）“According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations." 或“like Byron at Missolonghi, Jack London was slowly killed by the mistakes of the medical men who treated him." 其中的“as,,,/ like...”结构，都是应该用逗号独立出来的部分。这种才需要去看作比较结构来考虑：）不知道我想得对不对，赫赫