OG上两题, 关于同位语修饰疑问

38.    Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.

(A) Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there

(B) Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings

(C) Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity

(D) sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area

(E) sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there

All of the choices but D contain ambiguities. In A and B the words which and where appear to refer to sediments, and in E it is not clear what consistent describes. In A, C, and E, there is no logical place to which there or its could refer. In D, the best choice, the phrase sediments from the Baltic Sea tells where the sediments originate, findings provides a noun for consistent to modify, and in the area clearly identifies where the industrial activity is growing.

39.    For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

(A) a method to protect

(B) as a method protecting

(C) protecting

(D) as a protection of

(E) to protect

Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did. Choices A and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to items of military equipment rather than to the use of such items. Also, a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect in A or a method protecting in B. In B and D, as is incorrect; also, a protection in D has no noun for which it can logically substitute. Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.

从39的解释看, 同位语结构的a method to 应就近修饰military equipment(在此我们先不考虑单复数的问题), 那为何38题同位语结构findings...就可不就近修饰sediments from the Baltic Sea呢? 还望高手指点?

没看懂你的问题。

38的思路是这样的：

可以有两种说法：

1. sediments from the LACE>Baltic Sea where these findings...LACE>

LACE>2.   sediments from the LACE>Baltic Sea,  findings consistent with...LACE>LACE>

LACE>LACE>39题的主语是shields，现在分词短语protecting.....。不能改成独立主格结构。如果你改成同位语结构：通常情况，名词后直接加同位语结构。LACE>LACE>