GMAT语法冲750 一书的笔记

GMAT语法

准确性 有效性 措辞

正确的单词 词放置的位置 词的搭配

简单句 ：主语+谓语  主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+双宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补，一个句子必须有一套完整的主谓结构

并列句：如果句子有两套及以上的并列的主谓结构，就是并列句。一个并列句必须要有连词或者标点符号进行连接，否则是一个错误的句子。

(1)并列连词 FANBOYS for and but or yet so nor 他们的用法就是 ,for/, and / , but/, or / ,yet / , so /, nor

(2) 标点符号 可以用分号；或者句号连接并列句，前提是没有并列连词连接。

I read books and I play games .

I read books; I play games.

I read books. I play games.

I read books, I play games.不可以 是run on

不可以用 however/therefore/thus/thereby/as a consequence做并列连词，后面是不能引导句子的。可以 分号+therefore，因为分号后面是重新开始。也可以 句号+ However

(3)复合句 两套主谓结构，其中一套是主句，另外的是从句。main clause +

名词性的从句：

主语从句，the boy who is xxx is my xxx

宾语从句，the boy holds a bunch of flower that is bought from xxx

同位语从句， Qingshihuang, the first emperor of China

取掉了that，从句内部还是完整的句子

形容词性的从句：

限制性定语从句 essential

非限制性定语从句 non-essential

去掉引导词之后从句内部没有了成分

that/which修饰物品

who/whom修饰人

whose 修饰人/物

where/when 修饰地点/时间

that充当宾语，可以省略，充当主语就不可以

that引导定语从句前面没有逗号

which引导定语从句前面要有逗号/介词

where修饰具体的位置，in which可以修饰抽象的名词

that在定语从句中不能修饰人

whose在定语从句中表示所有格

副词性的从句

时间状语从句 when

地点状语从句 where in which

原因状语从句 for

引导时间：when ，while，as

表示让步：whereas，although，even though

表示条件：if，unless

表示因果：because，since

注意句子的结构和句子之间的的逻辑关系

(1)主语和谓语一定要同时存在。

如果一个句子用连接词开头，但没有主句的话，这样的句子是fragment

since you have come here.

(2)主语和谓语意思要合乎逻辑

That twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating of a 1,000-year-old Hohokam village in Tempe, Arizona, has nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist.

说的是雕像被发现（were discovered）使数量翻倍，应该是雕像的发现（the discovery），使数量翻倍

(3)主语和谓语动词必须一致

去掉介词短语 去掉插入语 去掉分词 去掉从句

语法规则：

a. and和附加短语 and用复数 但是附加短语连接不同名词的时候，只起到修饰的作用，不会改变主语的单复数：along with/in addition to/as well as/together with/including/accompanied by

b. 就近原则

or/ either or/ neither nor 谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致 A or B/ either A or B/neither A nor B，跟B保持一致

c. 集合名词

集合名词作主语，用单数形式：

agency，army，audience，class，crowd，committee，team，orchestra

baggage，citrus，equipment，fleet，fruit，furniture

d. each和every

单独作主语，谓语动词用单数

如果each在主语后面，单复数形式由主语决定

e.不定代词

anyone anybody anything no one nobody nothing everyone everybody everything someone somebody something whatever whoever这些用单数形式的谓语动词

some any none all more/most，要看of后面的的内容，如果some of the water ，用单数，如果是some of the students 用复数

f. 量词

表示人、事物或者动作的数量单位的词，叫做量词。

A line of xxx / A list of / A group of 用单数

A number of = some + 可数名词 用复数

the number of + 可数名词 用单数

用百分比 80% of students 用复数，80% of water 用单数

Two thirds of the pie (is),the majority of the students (are)

g. 主语如果是短语或者从句，用单数形式。

h. 倒装句 倒装句的谓语动词单复数由动词后面的名词决定

Among the myths (is) the belief that the laws affect all companies uniquely.

The belief that xxxx (is) among the myths

平行结构是：内容相似，结构相同，没有娴熟顺序，也没有因果关系的并列成分。

两个或者两个以上相连内容形式对成，概念对等，功能相同。

一、标志词

and  A and B A,B,and C

both and  both A and B

or A or B

either .. or either A or B

not but not A but B

not only bu (also) not only A but (also) B

rather than A rather than B

from to From A to B

between and Between A and B

二、平行成分

apples and pears 名词的平行

not only expensive but also unaffordable 形容词的平行

earned xxx and became xxx 动词的平行

both to watch and to read 不定式的平行

climbing and seeing 分词短语的平行

on the table rather than in the drawer 介词短语

that the money was stolen and that the bank should consolidate the security system 从句的平行

三、考点

（1）simple gerund 一般的动名词 不能和名词构成平行结构，因为动名词的表现意思还是动作，如果需要跟名词构成平行，那么要加a/the 后面跟in/of。如果动词有对应的名词，避免使用动名词doing形式

（2）平行结构的and

A and B /  A, B, and C / A, B,C , and D

（3）逻辑的平行

意义上要平行 这个很重要

代词是代替名词的词，这样就不用再重复被指代的名词

看到it its they them their 考虑三个问题

a. 有没有先行词，先行词是什么

b. 有先行词的话，指代是否符合逻辑

c.代词和指代名词单复数一致吗？

一、代词指代一个名词，不能指代句子，也不能指代起修饰作用的名词。如果要知道整个句子引起的结果，用伴随结果状语表示。

二、代词和被指代的名词单复数一致

三、同一句话的指代对象要相同

四、this/that/these/those用法

（1）这些不能在句子里面单独出现，不能裸奔，最好是this/that/these/those+名词

（2）that/those+修饰结构 可以起到指代的作用，避免名词重复出现，修饰结构一般有doing，done，介词短语/从句等 that用来指代单数 those用来指代复数

五、it/they that/those区别

it/they指的是同名同物 that/those指的是同名异物

The weather in Beijing is warmer than THAT(IT) in Alaska.

that: weather it: weather in Beijing

六、不定式作形式主语和形式宾语

（1）不定式作逻辑主语/逻辑宾语

It is exciting to play golf.

It is my pleasure to address the meeting.

He feels it his duty to help others.

The new medicine makes it possible to treat this terrible disease.

（2）从句作逻辑主语

It so happened that the tickets were sold out.

It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity.

I think it very important that we take part in the dicussion.

I made it clear to you that I was not coming.

（3）动名词短语作逻辑主语

It is no use reasoning with him.

It is no good reading in dim light.

We thought it no use doing that.

修饰词就是描述或者修饰句子中人或物的词语或结构。修饰与可以简单到一个形容词或一个副词，如a smart student，形容词smart即为一个修饰语。

Using the smart phones, Jack can easily buy books online.

Using the smart phones修饰Jock online修饰books easily 修饰buy

修饰语的分类

a. 名词修饰语：

形容词：a beautiful girl 放在前面

介词短语：the girl in the car 放在后面

分词/分词短语：the boy playing basketball

the smiling boy is reading books

the tired boy is watching TV

the boy, tired from reading books, is watching TV

同位语: Qingshihuang, the first emperor of China

The first emperor of China, Qingshihuang 前后都能放

定语从句：The boy who is smiling at me is reading books 后面

一、名词修饰语

名词修饰语，尽可能modifier和名词相邻，避免指代上出现错误。

eg1 Jack walked along a winding river to go to the church, which crossed the park.

按道理其实是，river crossed the park 而不是church cross the park.

所以应该变成 To go to the church, Jack walked along a winding river, which crossed the park.

eg2 Sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid.

这里就变成了tree growth sucking sap，所以是不对的，应该是woolly adelgid做的这件事

Sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, woolly adelgid retards the tree growth.

Doing，SVO 现在分词放句首：现在分词放在句首秀是一个名词时候，要考虑现在分词的逻辑主语（谁做这个动作）和句子的主语是否一致，结构形式是：

介词（By/In/besides/On/ + doing，SVO）

连词（when/while/if/although + doing，SVO）

a. 现在分词放在句中或者句末，现在分词前面没有逗号（SVO doing），那么就是形容词的作用，相当于定语从句修饰前面的名词

eg The man standing in the room is my teacher. = The man who stands in the room is my teacher.

b. 现在分词放在句中或者句末，现在分词前面有逗号（SVO doing），那么就是作为副词，

修饰离分词最近的动词。表伴随：

eg The manager settled the problems, earning himself a promotion.

earning前面有逗号，最近的动词是settled，动作的发出人是manager，settled和earning同时发生。

注意：

伴随状语earning的动作发出者manager是所修饰动词settled的主语。

伴随状语earning和所修饰动词settled需要同时发生（originally/then/previously/doing一定错误）

错误示范1❌：The problems were settled, using AI technology. using的最近的动词是settled，settled的发出者是problems，但problem不能use AI technology.

错误示范2❌: Japanese researchers are producing a series of robots  that can identify human facial expressions, then responding to them. 这里responding最近的动词是identify，发出者是robots正确。但是，identify和responding是先后进行的，这里当作了同时进行，then也不能说明这两个动作有先后顺序（如果then respond？正确么）？

SVO+doing结构，现在分词doing可以表示岁修饰动词V发生的直接结果，判断方法：讲所修饰的动词V名词化之后，可以作为现在分词doing的主语

eg1: A mutual fund invests billions of dollars in hundreds of companies, rarely holding more than one percent of the shares of any particular corporation. 这里的holding是过去分词，最近的动词是invests,发出者是mutual fund。mutual fund来hold 是正确的。判断holding是不是invest的直接结果，就把invest变成investment看看

变成：Investment of billions of dollars in hundreds of companies leads a mutual fund rarely hold more than one percent of the shares of any particular corporation.

eg2: The crime rates decrease in our community, leading to a rise in our property values. 这里的leading是过去分词，最近的动词是decrease，发出者是the crime rates。

Decrease in our community leads to the crime rates lead to a rise in our property values. (其实就是整一句话的结果）。

过去分词放句首：过去分词放句首修饰一个名词时，要考虑过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致，结构形式是：

Done SVO

连词（When/While/If/Although）done，SVO

过去分词放句中或者句末：前面有逗号或者没有逗号，都是就近修饰前面的名词。

错误❌：There was no chaos in the office, resigned to the bad news.  

正确: Resigned to the bad news, the office staff made no chaos.

Jack bought a building owned by the government.

The iPhones, sold by the Apple company, are assembled in China.

⚠️（1）Having doing/having been done 不能作为名词修饰语，即如books having been read/ having read都是不对的，要改成 名词+that/who 从句。

In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own government; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paychecks, having been assigned to the United Nations.

伴随状语不成立，having been assigned前面是substitute，substitute主语是government，government having been assigned不对。

结果状语不成立，having been assigned不是前面句子的直接结果。

就近修饰做定语：现在分词的完成时态不能作为定语修饰名词。

（2）having done修饰动词时，表示动作发生在所修饰动词的前面。

Jack, reading the book, chatted with friends. read 和chat同时进行。

Jack, having read the book, chatted with friends. read先发生，chatted后发生。

定语从句、先行词、引导词

关系代词 who whom whose 指人 that/which 指物品 whose可以指物 that只修饰物不修饰人

关系副词：when where why

从句前面加逗号，和先行词分开

从句和先行词之间的关系不密切，去掉了从句，主句也能表达中心思想。

需要根据that后面的句子意思判断修饰的对象。

eg1 The list of animals that includes many mammals has expanded to include the lower vertebrates. 这里that后面句子的意思，是包含很多哺乳动物，所以是list包含哺乳动物，不是animals包含哺乳动物。

eg2 The list of animals that exhibit a preference of using the right of left hand has expanded to include the lower vertebrates.

这里that 修饰的是animals.

which是不能指代整个句子的，which指代物品，先就近再跳跃。

❌ Jack was late for class, which made the teacher very angry.

☑️Jack was late for class, making the teacher very angry. 这个是结果

❌Jack letters to Kim, which was written in 2000, outnumbers his letters to anyone else.

☑️Jack letters to Kim, which were written in 2000, outnumbers his letters to anyone else. 真正的修饰letters，但是这里outnumbers？？？不懂，这里为啥用单数形式？

Barbara jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide. 这里的which were were指代一个复数，跳跃修饰的是hearings，所以是没错的。

The sunspots of the surface of the sun, which are visible as dark spots, have been seen on the sun’s poles or equator. 这里的which are， are也是一个复数，which就是跳跃修饰sunspots，也是对的。

定语从句和分词修饰。

多数情况下，定语从句和分词修饰语是可以互换的。

区别在于分词的时态由句子谓语决定，如果使用不同时态，那么要用定语从句。

The man (answering questions) goes to the church = The man (who answers questions) goes to church.

The man (answering questions) went to church. = The man (who answered questions) went to church.

❌I see the man (answering questions yesterday).

☑️I see the man who (answered questions yesterday).

定语从句经常省略that/which+be 动词

These incinerators  have become a growing source of emissions that are currently uncontrolled.

These incinerators  have become a growing source of currently uncontrolled emissions.

that 用法 that只修饰物不修饰人，that前面没有逗号，that后面的句子意思可以帮助判断对象

which用法：which前面要用逗号或者介词，修饰物不修饰人，which不能指代整个句子

先修饰就近的再跳跃修饰，利用逻辑关系和主谓一致判断

定语从句和分词修饰：可以互换，表达不同时态发生的动作时使用定语从句，分词修饰更加简洁。

两个或者两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项和后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，两个名词能够相互解释。

Jack, our new teacher, is very kind to us.

Our new teacher, is very kind to us.

❌ Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.

这里实际上Architects and stonemasons是人，后面是物。两个名词之间是不能相互解释，所以使用时错误的。

是在复合句里面充当同位语的从句，一般跟在某些抽象名词后面

news idea fact promise question doubt thought hope proof discovery evidence

expectation message suggestion hypothesis

用来说明前面抽象名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的时候，只能用引导词that

The idea that/ the news that / hypothesis that 如果是hypothesis of只是强调部分概念

要看看是解释说明（整体概念），还是部分概念

句末的同位语就是解释前面句子的名词，或者解释整个句子。

I met Jack, the president of this company. 这里就是解释前面句子的名词 Jack

In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted for half the increase in spending on prescription drugs, a phenomenon that is explained not just xxx . 解释前面整个句子的内容

二、动词修饰语 位置比名词修饰语的位置要更加灵活

副词：He frequently stayed up until  small hours.  动词前面

He’ll contact you frequently.  回答了how的问题

介词短语：

He watches movies on Sundays.

On Sunday, he watches movies.  回答了when的问题

分词/分词短语：Watching talk shows, I laughed loudly.

I laughed loudly, watching talk shows.

状语从句：

I watch movies when I have leisure time.

If I have leisure time, I will watch movies.

独立主格：

Homework finished, I watched movies.

A girl came in, with a book in her hand.

（1）状语从句

做副词作用的句子，时间when while  before after as，地点where anywhere everywhere，原因because since as，条件if unless whether on condition that，目的so that / in order that，结果so… that/ such…that，让步although/though/even though/even if，方式as if /how/as和比较more…than/ as … as/ just as … so / A is to B what X is to Y等。

状语从句用连词连接，从句如果位于句首或者句中常用逗号和主句隔开，如果位于句尾可以不用逗号隔开。

必须要要有主句+从句，如果只有从句，没有主句，那么句子结构是不完整的

Although he goes to school. ❌

当状语从句省略了主语，务必考虑主句和从句的主语是不是一样

Although getting high scores in GMAT examinations, NYU did not accept Jack. ❌ 因为这里的从句主语是 Jack，主句的主语是NYU

状语从句连词的添加/丢失，会改变句子的逻辑关系。

Although Jack got high scores in GMAT examinations, but he was not accepted by NYU. ❌

Jack does not like watching movies, and he likes reading. ❌

Although Jack does not like watching movies, he likes reading. ☑️

（2）with结构

with构成独立主格结构

任何一个句子都会有主谓，但是独立主格里面，没有真正的主语和谓语。

独立主格结构知识一个短语，不是主谓完整的简单句。

独立主格格式：(with)+ 名词/名词短语/代词+ 不定式/doing/done/形容词/副词/介词短语

eg So many people to help him, he is sure so succeed. 不定式

Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.  doing

The last bus gone, we had to walk home. Done

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 形容词

Jack came in, book in hand. 介词短语

Visitors to the park have often looked up into leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the beaches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. Doing

with表示“有”

The results of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years.

with 前面有逗号的话，修饰的是动词，动作的发出者主语是results,但是results是不能增加5%的，应该是profits增加5%，可以把逗号去掉

要不就是用，which have  increased 5% xxxxx

一、四大时态

（1）一般现在时

表示经常性、习惯性，或者客观事实和客观规律

Jack gets up early every day.

Pride goes before a fall.

Copernicus found that the earth moves around the sun.

（2）一般过去时

表示过去某个时间段发生的动作或状态，就是动作开始于过去，而且已经结束了。

如 in 年份，in 1990/ ago/ yesterday/previously/originally

I met Jack yesterday. The library was built in 1990.

（3）现在完成时

过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，或者强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的某些影响，没有明确表示过去的词。

since/within/ over the last/past/ recent 5 years / during the first 3 months

（4）过去完成时

过去完成式表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作，即“过去的过去”，表示一种比较，和一般过去时连用，但和离现在的时间远近没有关系。

by+1990

by the end of last + 时间段

by the time

二、动词语气

（1）虚拟语气 ：假想的、不是客观存在的事实，所尘世的是一种条件，不一定是事实或者跟事实相反，通过动词的不同形态来展现。

如果从句省略了if，则从句用倒装

从句用过去完成时，主句则用过去将来完成时

I would have go to the church if I had done sth.

从句用if+主语+had done，主语+should/would have done

If I had studied GMAT earlier, I could have been accepted by Harvard. 如果我之前学了（实际没学）

Had I studied GMAT earlier, I could have been accepted by Harvard.

从句用过去时，主语用过去将来时

从句用if+主语+were/did，主语+should/would do

If I were US president, I would grant all Chinese student scholarships. 如果我是总统

Were I the US president, I would xxxx.

if+主语+were to do，/ if+主语+should do ， 主语+should/would do

If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果将来下雪

Were it to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home.

表示建议、命令或者要求的虚拟语气

如果后面+that从句，从句要求使用省略should的虚拟语气

建议：advise/advocate/move/recommend/propose that.. do

命令：order/mandate/command/demand/decree that … do

要求：require/request/insist that… do

(2)真实的条件句 if… then 表示客观事实，或者表示说话人确定将来发生的情况

If you study hard, you will score highly in GMAT examination.

If you eat burgers and drink Coca-Cola, then you will become fat.

主将从现。

比较结构是平行结构的一种情况，因此比较对象必须要有可比性，就是在语法上和逻辑上必须对等。

一些标记词：

as

comparable to

just as … so

like/unlike

similar to

more… than…

in contrast to…

different from

less than

compared with

as… as…

the same as

一、as as/ more than

as as表示同级比较，more than表示差异比较，比较的对象相等。

Financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.

dirt roads cost twice — maintaining paved roads 不对称

as第一个是副词+形容词或者是副词，第二个是连词+名词/短语或者从句

❌This is as an interesting film as that one

more和than要同时出现

二、like/unlike

这俩都是介词，后面只能接名词、代词或者名词短语，不能接句子

Like A，B/Unlike A，B

❌Like/Unlike + 句子

❌Similar to B, J was slowly killed by the mistakes of medical man who treated him.

A similar to B = A is similar to B 这里表达的就是B和J的死法一样，不对，应该是B的死法和J的死法一样。

❌Just as B died, Jack was slowly killed by the mistakes of medical man who treated him.

B主动died，Jack被动died这里也是不对的，比较对象在概念功能上都不对等。

❌As did B, J was slowly killed by the mistakes of medical man who treated him.

As did B 中的did没有办法代替主句的was。

三、as

as可以是介词也可以是连词

（1）连词 as+句子

表示当；同时

All the jury’s eyes were on him as he continued.

表示因为由于

Enjoy the first hour of the day. This is important as it sets the mood for the rest of the day.

表示正如

Tell the truth as it is.

如果主句和从句主干（SVO）结构都一样的时候，可以省略，用As+介词就好。

As walking is a good way for you to lose weight, walking is also a good why for me to lose weight.

As for you, walking is also a good way for me to lose weight.

（2）当介词：as+名词

表示作为：As a diplomat, he has worked in Russia and US.

表示是： I see Harvard as my dream school.

四、Just as… so

五、比较结构的省略

（1）助动词的省略：目的是消除句子的歧义，如果没有句子歧义，助动词可以补充也可以不补充。

实意动词 do/does/did

I eat more apples than you (do)

I eat more apples than he (does)

I ate more apples than you (did)

系动词补be

He is cleverer than I am

He is cleverer than she is

I am clever than you are

情态动词补情态动词

He can eat more apples than I can.

He could eat me apple than I could

完成时态补has/have/had

I have been to U.S. more times than he has.

I have been to U.S. more times than you have.

By 2019, I had lived in Beijing 5 years longer than Tom had.

❌Tom loves cheese more than Jerry. 这里Jerry可以是跟Tom比较也可以跟cheese比较

a.Tom在cheese和Jerry中，Tom更喜欢cheese

b.Tom比Jerry更喜欢cheese

☑️Tom loves cheese more than Jerry does.

☑️Tom loves cheese more than does Jerry. 句子都是一样的意思。

（2）复杂成分的省略：找句子中相对应的结构，然后判断这些结构是否平行。

Jack is interested in money more than in women. 这里是平行的，所以句子是正确的。

Jack is interested in money more than in women = Jack is interested in money more than Jack is interested in women = Jack is as interested in money as in women.

在more than里面，more是副词，不用关注more的位置，than是连词，连接句子中的两个比较对象。

a.先找than后面的结构

b.找than前面的结构

c.判断than的前后结构是否平行

eg1 Now Jack is [more interested in money] than he was 5 years ago.

a. than后面是he was 5 years ago

b. than前面是Now Jack is

c. 判断是平行的 人的动作的平行

Now Jack is [more interested in money] than he was 5 years ago.  = Now Jack is [more interested in money] than he was interested in money 5 years ago.

eg2 Now Jack is[more interested in money] than 5 years ago.

a. than后面是5 years ago

b. than前面now

c. 判断是平行的 是时间的平行

eg3 Jack is [more interested in money] than 5 years ago.

a.than 后面5 years ago

b. than 前面Jack is

c. 人的行为和时间对比，不平行

eg4 Fish has protein of [higher quality] than rice (does).

a. than 后面是rice (does)

b. than前面是 Fish  has protein of  

c. Fish has 和rice does 平行

eg5 Fish has more protein of [higher quality] than of lower quality.

a.than后面是 of lower quality

b.than前面是 Fish has more protein of

c. of higher quality 和 of lower quality 比较

鱼有更多的高质蛋白质而非低质蛋白质  强调质量？

eg6 Fish has more protein of [higher quality] than that of lower quality.

a.than后面是 that of lower quality

b.than前面是 Fish has more protein of

c.protein of higher quality 和 protein of lower quality 之间的对比

鱼中的高质蛋白质比低质蛋白质 更多

六、倍数的表达

times + as… as

Asia is four times as large as Europe.

The plane flew 10 times as high as the kite.

times + the size /height/length/width of

The height of the man is twice that of his girlfriend.  that = the height

The salary of the man is three times that of his girlfriend. that = the salary

times+ more… than

The car runs twice faster than that truck. = The speed of the car is three times that of the truck.

The rope is twice longer than that one.

七、比较结构的其他考点

more/less + adj.+ n.  通常会出现歧义: more efficient cars, more beautiful girls

at least 和more 重复

more because… than because  更多是因为…而不是因为

not… so much A as B 与其说A不如说B

In addition 放在句首，用于对主语或宾语举例，比较对象不要求在逻辑上有可比。

In addition to work, I can find more interesting things in our daily life.

In addition to iPhones, I like iPad.