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【最新修改】史上最详细的解析Accordingto 与 In accordance with的区别, 加例题说明
GWD-11-Q30:
Sociallyand environmentally responsible investing is on the rise: last year in the United States
, over $2 trillion wasinvested in funds that screen companies according to a variety of criteriasuch as adherence to labor standards, protection of the environment, andobservance of human rights.
A. according to a variety of criteria such as
B. according to a variety of such criteria, asby
C. according to such a variety of criteria asby
D. in accordance with such a variety ofcriteria as
E. in accordance with a variety of criteria,such as by
现在答案是A。
Ron Purewal的解释是：
the best answer is definitely (a).
"according to" can be used to mean "in a mannercorresponding or conforming to", as in cook the rice according to theinstructions. so, despite what is written above, "according to" is not a problem here.
the differentiating factor between (a) and (d) is the placementof the "such" modifier.
"such" should be placed AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE to the NOUNTHAT IS EMPHASIZED in context.
here are two examples to illustrate:
* i've never seen another store with such a variety ofbeverages as these ones.
--> the VARIETY is the point; i've never seen a store with this manydifferent beverages.
* i've never seen another store with a variety of such beverages asthese ones.
* i've never seen another store with a variety of beverages such asthese ones.
--> the BEVERAGES THEMSELVES are the point; i've seen stores with a varietyof beverages before, but never a variety of these particular beverages.
in this problem, "such as" is describing the CRITERIA, notthe variety. I.e., the selection process uses criteria such as xxxxxxx;it doesn't use a variety such as (or "such a variety as"xxxxxxxxx). we're not categorizing the variety, we're categorizing the criteriathemselves.
this consideration rules out (d); so (a) is best.
if the source of the problem -- whatever it may be -- says that(d) is better than (a), then it's a dubious source.
this is definitely the most common use of “according to”,but, again, it's not the only one; see above.
as proof that “according to” can also be used in the way in whichit's used in choice (a), note the following excerpt from the reading passage onpage 29 of OG12:
The idea of the brain as an informationprocessor-a machine manipulating blips of energy according to fathomablerules-has come to dominate neuroscience.
in fact, there is a nice clean separation here.
in almost all cases:
if "according to ___" is set off by commas, then it is citing asource or authority.
if "according to ___" is NOT set off by commas, then it means “withrespect to”, “corresponding to”, “organized in terms of”, etc.
in choice (a), "according to" is used 100% properly.
--- YOU DON'T NEED TO KNOW THE STUFF BELOWTHIS LINE FOR THE TEST ---
... but it may be of interest to you if you plan to writedocuments in english
in fact, “in accordance with” is *NOT* used properly in choice(d), since we are talking about the categories of criteria -- i.e.,the rules are not specified.
the proper use of “in accordance with” is restricted to followingrules, conventions, or established patterns.
so, for instance:
* companies are screened in accordance with criteria such asprotection of human rights --> INCORRECT, since no actualrule/convention has been stated here.
* companies A and B were eliminated from contention for thegrant, in accordance with the requirement that companies must not haveany human rights violations on their record --> CORRECT; "inaccordance with" a stated rule
* we dispose of all the motor oil at approved recycling sites,in accordance with federal regulations --> CORRECT; "in accordancewith" explicitly mentioned rules.
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而且我附带一个accordingto 和in accordance with的区别（from mariezhu(ID: 13908) 头衔: 荣誉版主 ）【我个人收索多了一点和一些总结，作为补充】
Accordingto 与 In accordance with的区别：
首先：According to是介词。两者的含义及句子示例，如下：
Inaccordance with
Thisexpression emphasizes the rule, principle, lawetc, which is followed, and which states what should happen. This is shown inthe following citations:
1. The Commission insists that these funds must bespent in accordance with allthe Community's most sacred environmental principles, to say nothing of itslegislation.
2. Last month, the bank's management submitted adetailed plan for making changes inaccordance with the review's findings.
3. The court may in accordance with law grant a dissolution of the marriageprovided that the court is satisfied that adequate and proper provision will bemade for any dependant spouse and for any child.
4. Existing Sidewinders follow a preset path with thehelp of sets of rigid fins, at the front and back, that alter position in accordance with instructionsfrom an on-board computer.
5. The UN's peace plan rests on Mr Rabbani'swillingness to relinquish office next month in accordance with one of the many peace pacts he has concluded.
6. If such a question arises for the first time in alawsuit, the judge will have to decide the meaning in accordance with the recognized rules of interpretation,and his decision will be a binding authority for all future cases in which thesame question arises.
Accordingto
Thisexpression emphasizes the basis fordoing something, or for believing something:
7. Air pollution is growing worse in Britain
, according to the latest set of detailed statistics compiledby the Department of the Environment. 8. Our Galaxy contains at least 100 million blackholes, according to calculationsby a Dutch astrophysicist.
9. Most organochlorine pollution in the Baltic isdeclining, according to ajoint study by scientists at Ehime University
in Japanand the University of Gdansk in Poland. 10. According to Alkenbrecher, Binning's theory is that true creativity is a result ofdisordered thoughts.
11. Each of the10,000 most common words in English is ranked according to its frequency in everyday use.
12. Japanese oiltankers constructed according toa modern design with high-tensile steel have been recalled for emergency repairs to cracks.
Notice that there is some overlap between the two expressions: so 11 and 12 could equally aswell have been written (因为11，12也是一个rule):
13. Each of the10,000 most common words in English is ranked in accordance with its frequency in everyday use.
14. Japanese oiltankers constructed in accordancewith a modern design with high-tensile steel have been recalled foremergency repairs to cracks.
区别：
根据XX号文规定，应该怎样怎样，我们一开始都写：Accordingto Circular***
公司请了两个老外editor，专门帮我们挑报告中不规范的英语用法。然后老外就向我们提出来说，这个地方要用In accordance with，不能用according to。他们的理由是，according to 后面要跟法规的具体内容，而如果单说是根据什么什么法规，就要用inaccordance with。
总结：
看according to 一般要连更为具体的内容，通常放在句首，或者句中作插入语，根据目前的Gmat题，不需要逻辑一致。
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发表于 2012-4-7 11:43:46
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