不知道到底在动名词前要不要加THE?

想请教一下:

听XDF说过, 动名词前一定有个THE, (据说是是用这个方法判别是动名词还是分词)

New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.
 

(A) splitting apart continents
 

(B) the splitting apart of continents 这里SLITTING 前有the

(C) split apart continents
 

(D) continents split apart（B）

 (E) continents that were split apart
 

The word splitting must function as a noun to parallel the other items in the noun series of which it is part: reversals, onset, and eruptions. In B, the best choice, the definite article
     the clearly signifies that splitting is to be taken as a noun. In A, splitting introduces a verb phrase that breaks the parallelism of the noun series. In C, the verb split is similarly disruptive. Choice D, grammatically vague, resembles C if split is a verb and E if split is an adjective. In E, continents illogically replaces the splitting in the series: although the impacts in question may have caused continents to split, they did not cause those continents that were split apart 80 million years ago to materialize

GWD3-19

Possible long-term consequences of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of the Earth’s climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.

1. may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level
2. may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level
3. may include polar ice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising
4. include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising (E)
5. include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level

Possible long-term consequences of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of the Earth’s climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.

1. may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level
2. may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level
3. may include polar ice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising
4. include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising (E)
5. include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level

E中在MELTING前面没有THE

不知道到底在动名词前要不要加THE? 可以请大家帮忙解释一下吗?谢谢了!

谢谢了!

自己顶一下