（1）     GWD-6-Q13:

Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.

1. atmosphere, interactions that affect

2. atmosphere, with interactions affecting

3. atmosphere that affects

4. atmosphere that is affecting

5. atmosphere as affects

请问B 选项的WITH错了吗，WITH在句中的逻辑主语究竟应该是修饰句子的主语，宾语？？还是可以有其它成份，我在大全里面找了下面的几个例子，有修饰主语的，有修饰宾语的，90题104关于with修饰哪一个我不清楚，也请指正一下。

 关于WITH的独立主格结构怎么判断修饰哪个成份，怎么样判断对错的呢？？？？？

The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving（A）

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase (aimed at 是形容词短语，不是动词过去分词) unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing... and improving in modifying the noun aim.
                                Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
                                    

这个解释里确实说道with短语会修饰句子的主语  with修饰主语
                    Baldrick Manufacturing

49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.

(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain

(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for

(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain

(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain（A）

(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain

答案A

with double-digit unemployment修饰Japan,修饰主语/。

90.   Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

(A) investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began

(B) investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

(C) that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun

(D) fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun（D）

(E) that investment officers’ fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

答案D

有点疑问：

with a contract promising higher fees  修饰哪个呢？？？？

104.
                            The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.

(A) and meat rarely

(B) and meat was rare

(C) with meat as rare

(D) meat a rarity（E）

(E) with meat as a rarity

答案E

而104中的dmeat语法上应该就近修饰前面最近的名词cake,而逻辑上修饰主语diet,有歧意所以不能选.

而逗号后面的with引导的独立主格可以避免这种歧意因为with引导的独立主格是首先指向句子主语的.

有点疑问：
                            with有没有可能修饰vegetarian???

113.
                            Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging（D）

(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

答案D

With修饰monkeys,修饰宾语

附上理论性的东东：独立主格结构分为三种

1 一般独立结构，与主句形成松散的逻辑关系，形式为 n.+n. n.+_ed/_ing n.+介词短语 n.+形容词短语

2 with型独立结构，与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系，形式为：with + n. + -ed/-ing with + n. +adj. with + n. +介词短语

3 each型独立结构,强调句尾名词。形式为：
                    句子+复数名词结尾，each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed/-ing

 关于WITH的独立主格结构怎么判断修饰哪个成份，怎么样判断对错的呢？？？？？

The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving（A）

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase (aimed at 是形容词短语，不是动词过去分词) unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing... and improving in modifying the noun aim.
                    Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
                        

这个解释里确实说道with短语会修饰句子的主语  with修饰主语
        Baldrick Manufacturing

49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.

(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain

(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for

(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain

(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain（A）

(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain

答案A

with double-digit unemployment修饰Japan,修饰主语/。

90.   Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

(A) investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began

(B) investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

(C) that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun

(D) fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun（D）

(E) that investment officers’ fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

答案D

有点疑问：

with a contract promising higher fees  修饰哪个呢？？？？

104.
                The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.

(A) and meat rarely

(B) and meat was rare

(C) with meat as rare

(D) meat a rarity（E）

(E) with meat as a rarity

答案E

而104中的dmeat语法上应该就近修饰前面最近的名词cake,而逻辑上修饰主语diet,有歧意所以不能选.

而逗号后面的with引导的独立主格可以避免这种歧意因为with引导的独立主格是首先指向句子主语的.

有点疑问：
                with有没有可能修饰vegetarian???

113.
                Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging（D）

(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

答案D

With修饰monkeys,修饰宾语

附上理论性的东东：独立主格结构分为三种

1 一般独立结构，与主句形成松散的逻辑关系，形式为 n.+n. n.+_ed/_ing n.+介词短语 n.+形容词短语

2 with型独立结构，与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系，形式为：with + n. + -ed/-ing with + n. +adj. with + n. +介词短语

3 each型独立结构,强调句尾名词。形式为：
        句子+复数名词结尾，each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed/-ing

113.
                Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging（D）

(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

请问这个B为何不对

B因为

whose
[hu:z]
pron.
谁的, 那(些)人的

后面是个句子，没有连词，而代词是不能连接句子的

谢谢，清清小蚂蚁，我对此也有些困惑，谢谢你整理了一下，下面是我的看法，供参考．

我认为首先要分清with引导的独立主格结构和with引导的介词词组结构，然后分开讨论．

如果是独立主格，主格词和修饰词之间有主谓关系，但独立主格整体通常做句子的状语，表时间，伴随，结果等，所以它不存在修饰那个词的问题；

如果是with的介词词组，则可能做定语或状语．做定语才涉及修饰那个词，而作状语则涉及那种状语类型．

你的的例子讨论：

1)Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.

1. atmosphere, interactions that affect

2. atmosphere, with interactions affecting

3. atmosphere that affects

4. atmosphere that is affecting

5. atmosphere as affects

如果选B,则构成with独立主格做状语．但个人感觉，with独立主格一般是前面没有提到的东西（所以才需要独立主格,哈，个人理解),而interactions在前面已经提到了，所以，A,(同位语？）更合适．

2.

The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
         

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
         

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
         

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
         

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving（A）
          

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
         

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase (aimed at 是形容词短语，不是动词过去分词) unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing... and improving in modifying the noun aim.
          Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
           

独立主格要求逗号与主句分开，所以若选E则是介词词组，从语意上有可能修饰BM,但结构上更可能policy,所以解释说不是unequivocally修饰policy. E选项的另一个错误是aim的用法，做名词与后面的to do 连接有歧义．

49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.

(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain

(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for

(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain

(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain（A）

(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain

此题是with介词词组修饰that(depression),还是做状语我不确定，但应该不影响选答案．

1. atmosphere, interactions that affect

2. atmosphere, with interactions affecting

3. atmosphere that affects

4. atmosphere that is affecting

5. atmosphere as affects

如果选B,则构成with独立主格做状语．但个人感觉，with独立主格一般是前面没有提到的东西（所以才需要独立主格,哈，个人理解),而interactions在前面已经提到了，所以，A,(同位语？）更合适．

2.

The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
         

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
         

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
         

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
         

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving（A）
          

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
         

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase (aimed at 是形容词短语，不是动词过去分词) unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing... and improving in modifying the noun aim.
          Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
           

独立主格要求逗号与主句分开，所以若选E则是介词词组，从语意上有可能修饰BM,但结构上更可能policy,所以解释说不是unequivocally修饰policy. E选项的另一个错误是aim的用法，做名词与后面的to do 连接有歧义．

49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.

(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain

(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for

(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain

(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain（A）

(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain

此题是with介词词组修饰that(depression),还是做状语我不确定，但应该不影响选答案．

The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
         

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
         

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
         

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
         

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving（A）
          

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
         

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase (aimed at 是形容词短语，不是动词过去分词) unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing... and improving in modifying the noun aim.
          Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
           

独立主格要求逗号与主句分开，所以若选E则是介词词组，从语意上有可能修饰BM,但结构上更可能policy,所以解释说不是unequivocally修饰policy. E选项的另一个错误是aim的用法，做名词与后面的to do 连接有歧义．

49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.

(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain

(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for

(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain

(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain（A）

(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain

此题是with介词词组修饰that(depression),还是做状语我不确定，但应该不影响选答案．

独立主格要求逗号与主句分开，所以若选E则是介词词组，从语意上有可能修饰BM,但结构上更可能policy,所以解释说不是unequivocally修饰policy. E选项的另一个错误是aim的用法，做名词与后面的to do 连接有歧义．

49 According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.

(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain

(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for

(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain

(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain（A）

(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain

此题是with介词词组修饰that(depression),还是做状语我不确定，但应该不影响选答案．

选A是因为A选项结构更加简洁，意思更加直观。忠实原文，动词优先.

也许B也没有错，但是没有A更好。